Questions and Answers
What are the expected behaviors of people occupying particular social positions called?
What term describes the social honor or prestige accorded to a particular group?
Status
Define social position.
The social identity an individual has in a given group or society.
What does impression management involve?
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What is civil inattention?
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What type of communication is captured through nonverbal means?
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What are response cries?
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Define unfocused interaction.
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What is the definition of focused interaction?
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What does the term encounter refer to?
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What does time-space pertain to?
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Define regionalization.
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What is meant by clock time?
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What is social interaction?
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Define agency in a social context.
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What is personal space?
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What does ethnomethodology study?
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What is the focus of conversation analysis?
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What does interactional vandalism refer to?
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What is a back region in social interaction?
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Define front region.
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What is meant by compulsion of proximity?
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What is socialization?
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What does social reproduction entail?
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Who are the agents of socialization?
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What is a peer group?
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Define age-grade.
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What does mass media refer to?
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What are social roles?
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Define identity in sociological terms.
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What is social identity?
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Define self-identity.
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What does cognition involve?
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What is meant by social self?
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Define self-consciousness.
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What is a generalized other?
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What is the sensorimotor stage?
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Define preoperational stage.
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What is the characteristic of egocentric thinking?
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What does the concrete operational stage describe?
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What is the formal operational stage?
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Define race socialization.
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What does gender role socialization involve?
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What are gender roles?
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Define social group.
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What is a social aggregate?
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Define social category.
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What are primary groups?
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What are secondary groups?
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Define organization.
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What is a formal organization?
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What are networks in a social context?
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What are in-groups?
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Define out-groups.
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What is a reference group?
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What defines a dyad?
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What is a triad?
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Define bureaucracy.
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What is an ideal type?
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Define formal relations.
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What are informal relations?
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What does surveillance entail?
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What are timetables in organizations?
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What is the iron law of oligarchy?
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Define oligarchy.
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What does information and communications technology refer to?
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What are norms?
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What is deviance?
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Define deviant subculture.
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What is a sanction?
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What are laws?
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What is crime?
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Define anomie.
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What is relative deprivation?
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What is differential association?
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What does labeling theory suggest?
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What is primary deviation?
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Define secondary deviation.
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What is conflict theory?
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Define control theory.
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What is white-collar crime?
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Define corporate crime.
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What is cybercrime?
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What does community policing emphasize?
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What is shaming in the context of deviance?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Social Behavior and Interaction
- Roles: Expected behaviors associated with social positions.
- Status: Social honor or prestige assigned to specific groups within society.
- Social Position: Identity of an individual within a group or society.
- Impression Management: The act of preparing to present one's social role effectively.
Interaction and Communication
- Civil Inattention: Mutual awareness among individuals in a shared space, demonstrated by quick glances.
- Nonverbal Communication: Conveying messages through body language and facial expressions instead of words.
- Response Cries: Involuntary exclamations that signal emotions or reactions.
- Unfocused Interaction: Social engagement among individuals who are not in direct conversation.
Types of Interaction
- Focused Interaction: Direct communication or joint activities between individuals.
- Encounters: In-person meetings that involve face-to-face interaction.
Temporal and Spatial Dynamics
- Time-Space: The context of when and where events occur.
- Regionalization: Segmentation of social life into distinct areas.
- Clock Time: Time measured by hours and minutes, contrasting with natural time cues.
Social Processes
- Social Interaction: The reciprocal actions and reactions among individuals.
- Agency: The capacity for independent thought and actions.
- Personal Space: The physical distance individuals maintain to feel comfortable.
Sociological Approaches
- Ethnomethodology: Examines the methods people use to interpret social interactions.
- Conversation Analysis: Investigates patterns and structures in conversations to understand social organization.
Group Dynamics
- In-groups and Out-groups: Groups that individuals identify with or oppose, respectively.
- Primary Groups: Small, emotionally connected groups with intense personal relationships.
- Secondary Groups: Larger, impersonal groups with brief interactions.
Socialization and Identity
- Agents of Socialization: Influential groups that facilitate social learning, including family and peers.
- Identity: The unique attributes that define an individual or group.
- Self-Identity: Ongoing development of personal identity in relation to the world.
Developmental Stages
- Cognitive Stages: Include sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages, each representing different levels of cognitive abilities in children.
Deviance and Social Norms
- Deviance: Actions that violate the norms of a society.
- Labeling Theory: Proposes that label assignment affects individuals' behaviors, creating deviant identities.
- Control Theory: Views crime as the result of imbalance between societal pressures and regulatory controls.
Crime and Law
- White-Collar Crime: Crimes committed by professionals in their business contexts.
- Corporate Crime: Illegal actions by organizations that harm the public or marketplace.
- Cybercrime: Illegal activities conducted via electronic means or information technology.
Social Change Mechanisms
- Community Policing: Emphasizes crime prevention through community engagement.
- Shaming: A public disapproval method to address deviant behavior without imprisonment.
Norms and Values
- Norms: Behavioral rules that guide social conduct.
- Anomie: A state of normlessness where social norms fail to govern individual behavior.
These notes provide a foundational understanding of sociological concepts related to roles, identities, group dynamics, social interactions, and deviance.
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Test your understanding of key sociological concepts with these flashcards from UVM Soc 001 Exam 2. From roles and statuses to social positions and impression management, this quiz covers essential terms that define social behavior and identity. Perfect for exam preparation and reinforcing your knowledge in sociology.