Sociology Lesson 5 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Susan's behavior regarding Apple products an example of?

Instrumental function

Define a total institution.

An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

Michael's basketball team is serving as his _____ when he looks to them for behavioral cues.

reference group

What conclusion did Solomon Asch reach about conformity?

People conform because they believe the group is better informed than they are. Signup and view all the answers

What is Sandy a part of when standing in line for Kanye West tickets?

Aggregate Signup and view all the answers

What is an instrumental leader primarily concerned with?

Accomplishing set tasks. Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy?

Personality-based promotion Signup and view all the answers

Define reference groups.

Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself. Signup and view all the answers

Justin is about to become a member of a __________.

utilitarian organization Signup and view all the answers

Christine is a(n) _____ leader.

laissez-faire Signup and view all the answers

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

collective conscience Signup and view all the answers

What tension did Karl Marx assert exists for societal change?

The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois. Signup and view all the answers

______ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.

Habitualization Signup and view all the answers

Define anomie.

A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

As industrialization began to boom, why did Durkheim believe people were more susceptible to anomie?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesize?

People base their images on how they think other people see them. Signup and view all the answers

____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival.

Agricultural Signup and view all the answers

What is alienation defined as?

The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self. Signup and view all the answers

Please place the following societies in chronological order:

Hunter-gatherer = First in chronological order Pastoral = Second in chronological order Horticultural = Third in chronological order Agricultural = Last in chronological order Signup and view all the answers

What would a symbolic interactionist be most concerned with?

The parts these objects play in impression management. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Instrumental Function

Instrumental function refers to an individual's engaging behavior driven by the pursuit of goals, such as Susan's devotion to owning the latest Apple products.

Total Institution

Defined as organizations where participants live a controlled lifestyle, undergoing total resocialization, like prisons or military establishments.

Reference Group

A reference group serves as a social benchmark for individuals, influencing their behavior and attitudes, exemplified by Michael looking to his basketball teammates.

Conformity and Group Influence

Solomon Asch's study highlights that individuals may conform due to the perception that the group possesses greater knowledge.

Aggregate

An aggregate is a collection of individuals who are in proximity to each other but do not share a common identity, as seen with Sandy waiting for concert tickets.

Instrumental Leader

An instrumental leader focuses on achieving specific tasks and guiding a group toward accomplishing defined goals.

Bureaucracy Characteristics

Bureaucracies typically lack personality-based promotions, relying instead on established rules and performances.

Concept of Reference Groups

Reference groups are essential for self-assessment, enabling individuals to compare their beliefs and behaviors with others.

Utilitarian Organization

Utilitarian organizations provide tangible rewards for members, such as employment institutions or educational facilities, exemplified by Justin’s community college enrollment.

Laissez-faire Leader

A laissez-faire leader adopts a hands-off approach, allowing group members autonomy in decision-making, as seen with Christine in her comedy troupe.

Collective Conscience

Defined by Durkheim as the shared beliefs, morals, and values that bind a society together.

Societal Change and Conflict

Karl Marx posited that societal change stems from the conflict between the proletariat (working class) and the bourgeois (wealthy class) over the means of production.

Habitualization

Habitualization refers to the process by which repeated actions become established as patterns of behavior over time.

Anomie

Anomie is characterized by a lack of collective consciousness, leading to societal disconnection and instability.

Factors Contributing to Anomie

Durkheim identified multiple factors contributing to anomie during industrialization, including weakened collective norms, loss of collective support, and role alienation due to labor specialization.

Looking-glass Self

Charles Cooley's looking-glass self concept suggests that individuals form self-images based on how they believe they are perceived by others.

Agricultural Societies

Agricultural societies utilize permanent tools for survival, benefiting from innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizers for increased productivity.

Alienation

Alienation describes feelings of isolation experienced by individuals who feel detached from society, their work, or their self-identity.

Chronological Order of Societies

Societal types follow this order: hunter-gatherer, pastoral, horticultural, and agricultural.

Symbolic Interactionism

Symbolic interactionist perspectives focus on how individuals use objects and their symbols in managing impressions within social interactions.

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Description

Test your knowledge with flashcards from Sociology Lesson 5. These cards cover key concepts, including instrumental functions and total institutions, as well as other important sociological terms. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of key topics in sociology.