Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary hormone responsible for the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
What is the primary hormone responsible for the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
What is the term for the shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium?
What is the term for the shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium?
Which layer of the endometrium remains viable after menstruation?
Which layer of the endometrium remains viable after menstruation?
What is the outermost layer of the ovary composed of?
What is the outermost layer of the ovary composed of?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the period of uterine cycle where the endometrium is prepared for implantation?
What is the term for the period of uterine cycle where the endometrium is prepared for implantation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the uterine glands during the secretory phase?
What is the characteristic of the uterine glands during the secretory phase?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells surround the oocyte in the secondary follicle?
What type of cells surround the oocyte in the secondary follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the hormone that stimulates the growth of the follicle?
What is the name of the hormone that stimulates the growth of the follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of epithelium lines the cervix?
What type of epithelium lines the cervix?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the layer of cells that forms around the growing follicle?
What is the name of the layer of cells that forms around the growing follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the structure that forms when the follicle grows to a size of 10 mm?
What is the name of the structure that forms when the follicle grows to a size of 10 mm?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the layer of cells that forms the inner lining of the follicle?
What is the name of the layer of cells that forms the inner lining of the follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the normal timing of ovulation in a typical 28-day menstrual cycle?
What is the normal timing of ovulation in a typical 28-day menstrual cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the scar tissue that forms after the corpus luteum degenerates?
What is the term for the scar tissue that forms after the corpus luteum degenerates?
Signup and view all the answers
Which phase of the ovarian cycle involves the release of an oocyte from the mature follicle?
Which phase of the ovarian cycle involves the release of an oocyte from the mature follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the uterine glands in the endometrium?
What is the function of the uterine glands in the endometrium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone stimulates ovulation?
Which hormone stimulates ovulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the layer of the uterus that is shed during menstruation?
What is the layer of the uterus that is shed during menstruation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the structure that forms from the residual follicular cells after ovulation?
What is the structure that forms from the residual follicular cells after ovulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the epithelial lining of the oviduct?
What is the epithelial lining of the oviduct?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the stage of fetal development when oogonia undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes?
What is the stage of fetal development when oogonia undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process where some primordial follicles degenerate?
What is the term for the process where some primordial follicles degenerate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the follicle that produces a secondary oocyte?
What is the term for the follicle that produces a secondary oocyte?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the stage of follicular development where the primary oocyte completes the first meiotic division?
What is the stage of follicular development where the primary oocyte completes the first meiotic division?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the type of cell that is produced after the first meiotic division?
What is the type of cell that is produced after the first meiotic division?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process where a secondary oocyte is fertilized and becomes an ovum?
What is the term for the process where a secondary oocyte is fertilized and becomes an ovum?
Signup and view all the answers
How many primordial follicles typically mature into primary follicles every month?
How many primordial follicles typically mature into primary follicles every month?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the primordial follicle?
What is the characteristic of the primordial follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between an antral follicle and a Graafian follicle?
What is the main difference between an antral follicle and a Graafian follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process by which follicles that do not ovulate undergo degeneration?
What is the process by which follicles that do not ovulate undergo degeneration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the follicle that is ready to release an oocyte?
What is the name of the follicle that is ready to release an oocyte?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the layer of cells that forms around the growing follicle?
What is the layer of cells that forms around the growing follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the primary follicle?
What is the characteristic of the primary follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the structure that surrounds the oocyte in the secondary follicle?
What is the structure that surrounds the oocyte in the secondary follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the ischemic area that develops in the mature dominant follicle before ovulation?
What is the characteristic of the ischemic area that develops in the mature dominant follicle before ovulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the fate of the residual follicular cells after ovulation?
What is the fate of the residual follicular cells after ovulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the period of the ovarian cycle where the oocyte is released from the mature follicle?
What is the term for the period of the ovarian cycle where the oocyte is released from the mature follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the corpus albicans?
What is the characteristic of the corpus albicans?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process by which the oocyte is released from the ovary?
What is the term for the process by which the oocyte is released from the ovary?
Signup and view all the answers
How many oocytes are typically liberated during each cycle?
How many oocytes are typically liberated during each cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the developing follicle that contains an oocyte?
What is the term for the developing follicle that contains an oocyte?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process by which the follicle degenerates?
What is the term for the process by which the follicle degenerates?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the mature follicle that is ready to release an oocyte?
What is the term for the mature follicle that is ready to release an oocyte?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism by which follicular cells and oocytes are disposed of during follicular atresia?
What is the primary mechanism by which follicular cells and oocytes are disposed of during follicular atresia?
Signup and view all the answers
During which stages of development can follicles undergo atresia?
During which stages of development can follicles undergo atresia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the decline in maternal hormones just after birth?
What is the significance of the decline in maternal hormones just after birth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of follicular atresia?
Which of the following is a characteristic of follicular atresia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the granulosa cells in the antral follicle?
What is the primary function of the granulosa cells in the antral follicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the follicle that has undergone significant growth and differentiation, but has not yet ovulated?
What is the term for the follicle that has undergone significant growth and differentiation, but has not yet ovulated?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference between the theca externa and theca interna?
What is the primary difference between the theca externa and theca interna?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Uterine Structure
- The uterine structure consists of three layers: submucosal stratum (longitudinal), vascular stratum, and supravascular stratum (longitudinal).
- The myometrium is a layer of smooth muscle that surrounds the endometrium.
- The perimetrium is the outermost layer of the uterus.
Uterine Cycle
- The uterine cycle is a 28-day cycle that is influenced by estrogens and progesterone.
- The cycle consists of three phases: proliferative phase (days 5-14), secretory phase (days 15-28), and menstrual phase (days 1-4).
- During the menstrual phase, the functional layer of the endometrium is shed, leaving the basalis layer intact.
- The proliferative phase is driven by estrogen and progesterone, resulting in the regeneration of the endometrium.
- The secretory phase is dependent on progesterone, leading to the preparation of the uterus for implantation.
Endometrial Histology
- The endometrium consists of a simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and uterine glands.
- The uterine glands have a simple columnar epithelium, straight tubules, and narrow lumens.
- During the proliferative phase, the uterine glands are coiled and branched, with an accumulation of glycogen, and the lumens are dilated.
Menstruation
- When no fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels.
- This results in the constriction of coiled arteries, ischemia, and necrosis of the functional layer.
- The rupture of arteries leads to hemorrhage, and the shedding of the functional layer, leaving the basalis layer intact.
Cervix and Vagina
- The cervix has a simple columnar epithelium and uterine glands.
- The vagina has a stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, and circular and longitudinal muscle layers.
Ovarian Cycle
- The ovarian cycle consists of three phases: follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase.
- The follicular phase involves the development of primordial follicles to mature follicles.
- The ovulatory phase involves the release of the oocyte from the mature follicle and its capture by the oviducts.
- The luteal phase involves the formation of the corpus luteum from the residual follicular cells.
Ovary
- The ovary consists of the cortex, medulla, and tunica albuginea.
- The primordial follicle consists of a primary oocyte, follicular cells, and a basement membrane.
- The primary follicle develops into a secondary follicle, which consists of a primary oocyte, zona pellucida, granulosa cells, and a basement membrane.
- The secondary follicle further develops into a tertiary follicle, which consists of a secondary oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiata, and a basement membrane.
Ovulation
- Ovulation is the hormone-stimulated process by which the oocyte is released from the ovary.
- Ovulation normally occurs around the 14th day of a typical 28-day cycle.
- In humans, usually only one oocyte is liberated during each cycle.
Corpus Luteum
- After ovulation, the portion of the follicle left behind forms the corpus luteum.
- The corpus luteum eventually degenerates into the corpus albicans, which is a scar of connective tissue.
Ovarian Structure
- The internal part of the ovary consists of loose connective tissue and blood vessels entering through the hilum from mesenteries.
- The tunica albuginea is a layer of connective tissue that covers the ovary.
- The cortex is the outer layer of the ovary, and the medulla is the inner layer.
Follicle Development
- Primordial follicles consist of a primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells.
- As the oocyte grows, it starts secreting zona pellucida.
- The primary follicle develops into a secondary follicle, also known as a multilaminar primary follicle.
- The secondary follicle further develops into a tertiary follicle.
- The Graafian follicle is a mature follicle that reaches 10 mm in size.
Oogenesis
- Oogenesis begins in the female fetus, with primary oocytes arresting at prophase I in primordial follicles.
- At puberty, a population of primordial follicles begins to develop each month, typically producing one female gamete (a secondary oocyte).
- Oogonia are diploid cells that are the origin of oocytes, and they undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes.
Monthly Ovarian Cycle
- Up to approximately 20 primordial follicles mature into primary follicles every month.
- Some primary follicles mature into secondary follicles, while others undergo atresia.
- Typically, only one secondary follicle matures into a vesicular follicle.
- The secondary oocyte is a haploid cell that is arrested in the second meiotic metaphase.
Atresia
- Follicular atresia is a degenerative process in which follicular cells and oocytes die and are disposed of by phagocytic cells.
- Atresia can occur at any stage of follicular development, including nearly mature follicles.
Ovulation
- Ovulation is the hormone-stimulated process by which the oocyte is released from the ovary.
- Ovulation normally occurs midway through the menstrual cycle, around the 14th day of a typical 28-day cycle.
- In humans, usually only one oocyte is liberated during each cycle.
Corpus Luteum
- After ovulation, the portion of the follicle left behind forms the corpus luteum.
- The corpus luteum then degenerates into the corpus albicans, a scar of connective tissue.
Ovarian Cycle Phases
- The ovarian cycle consists of three phases: follicular, ovulatory, and luteal.
- The follicular phase involves the development of the primordial follicle into a mature follicle.
- The ovulatory phase involves the release of the oocyte from the mature follicle and capture by the oviducts.
- The luteal phase involves the residual follicular cells folding and becoming part of the corpus luteum.
Oviduct Structure
- The oviduct is lined by simple columnar epithelium with a lamina propria and tunica muscularis.
- The tunica serosa is the outermost layer of the oviduct.
Uterus Structure
- The uterus is lined by simple columnar epithelium with a lamina propria and underlying endometrium.
- The endometrium consists of functional and basal layers, with uterine glands in the functional layer.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the structure and cyclic changes of the endometrium, including histological modifications during the uterine cycle. Topics include the myometrium, perimetrium, and the effects of estrogens and progesterone.
