The Uterine Cycle

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the uterine cycle?

A yearly series of hormonal changes in the uterus.

A monthly series of changes in the endometrium to prepare for potential pregnancy. (correct)

A weekly series of changes in the cervix during menstruation.

A daily series of changes in the ovaries during ovulation.

What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?

Follicular, ovulatory, luteal.

Menstrual, ovulatory, secretory.

Menstrual, proliferative, secretory. (correct)

Proliferative, ovulatory, secretory.

What are the functions of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)?

Stimulate the release of GnRH.

Stimulate ovulation and the production of estrogen and progesterone. (correct)

Inhibit FSH production.

Regulate the menstrual cycle.

During which phase of the uterine cycle is the functional layer of the endometrium shed?

Menstrual Phase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Inhibin?

Inhibit FSH production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of GnRH on gonadotropin production?

Stimulate the release of both LH and FSH Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of estrogen and progesterone during the follicular and luteal phase?

Regulate the menstrual cycle and prepare the uterus for pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is NOT directly regulated by GnRH?

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen during the follicular phase?

Thicken the endometrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of GnRH stimulation on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

Increased LH and FSH production Signup and view all the answers

What are gonads and their primary function?

Primary reproductive organs; produce gametes and sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly differentiates male and female gonads?

Testes produce sperm and testosterone; ovaries produce ova , estrogen, and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What structures help form the conducting system of the reproductive organs in males and females?

In males, the duct system transports sperm; in females, the fallopian tubes transport ova Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly differentiates male and female reproductive organs?

Male: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina; Female: Testes, penis, duct systems, accessory glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the female reproductive structures?

To support fertilization, embryo development, and childbirth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the male accessory glands?

Produce seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing seminal fluid?

Male accessory glands Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are responsible for the production of gametes and hormones in the human reproductive system?

Testes and Ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

Supports fetal development Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structures facilitate sexual intercourse and, in the case of the female, also childbirth?

Penis and Vagina Signup and view all the answers

What role do the accessory glands in the male reproductive system play?

Produce seminal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which glands in the male reproductive system produce seminal fluid?

Prostate and Seminal Vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What role do the accessory glands play in the male reproductive system?

Producing seminal fluid Signup and view all the answers

During the production of mature sperm cells, when does mitosis occur?

Mitosis occurs in spermatogonia for stem cell maintenance. Signup and view all the answers

When does meiosis occur during the production of mature sperm cells?

Meiosis occurs to produce haploid sperm cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of semen?

Spermatozoa and seminal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which glands contribute to the composition of seminal fluid?

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands Signup and view all the answers

What are the main types of erectile tissue in the penis?

Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum Signup and view all the answers

How is the inguinal canal related to the spermatic cord?

The inguinal canal is a passage in the lower abdominal wall through which the spermatic cord travels in males. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly matches the cell types found in the testis with their functions?

Spermatogonia: Stem cells; Leydig Cells: Produce testosterone; Sertoli Cells: Support spermatogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the segments of the uterine tubes?

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the uterine tubes?

Ova capture, site of fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the infundibulum?

Ova capture and fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments help support the uterus?

Broad ligament, round ligament, uterosacral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What are the key physiological processes involved in sexual intercourse?

Arousal, erection, lubrication, and orgasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the reproductive system changes that occur with aging?

Decreased hormone levels, menopause in females, potential decrease in fertility Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of a spermatozoon and their functions?

Head (contains DNA), midpiece (energy production), tail (mobility) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main layers of the uterus?

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the uterus is primarily responsible for supporting fertilization, implantation, and fetal development?

Endometrium Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the uterus is composed mainly of smooth muscle tissue?

Myometrium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures provides structural support and protection to the uterus?

Perimetrium Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of the epididymis?

Head, body, tail Signup and view all the answers

What is the histological composition of the vagina?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the anatomy of the vagina?

Elastic, muscular tube Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment is typically maintained within the vagina?

Acidic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the female reproductive system?

Facilitation of intercourse and childbirth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes aspects of the female reproductive cycle?

Menstrual cycle, hormonal regulation, and preparation for potential fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nurse or leydig cells?

Produce testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 main functions of the ovary?

Produce ova, estrogen, and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What structures support the ovary?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of testosterone, GnRH, inhibin, LH, and FSH?

Testosterone: Male secondary sexual characteristics; GnRH: Regulates LH and FSH release; Inhibin: Inhibits FSH production; LH and FSH: Regulate gamete production and hormonal secretion Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases of the ovarian cycle?

Follicular, ovulation, luteal Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the ovarian cycle does ovulation occur?

Follicular phase Signup and view all the answers

What event characterizes the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Maturation of a follicle containing an ovum Signup and view all the answers

Where are LH and FSH produced?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?

To produce hormones that support pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

The corpus luteum degenerates if fertilization does not occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen during the uterine cycle?

To thicken the endometrium Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases of the uterine cycle in order?

Menstrual, proliferative, secretory Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of progesterone during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

To support implantation and pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterine cycle?

To prepare the uterus for implantation Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrium prepare for a potential implantation?

Secretory phase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly differentiates between the main organs and accessory organs of the male and female reproductive systems?

Main organs for both male and female include testes and ovaries, while accessory organs include glands and ducts that support gamete transport and development. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures in the male reproductive system produces both sperm and testosterone?

Testes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the penis in the male reproductive system?

Delivery of sperm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands produces a fluid rich in fructose and prostaglandins, which nourishes and activates sperm?

Seminal vesicles Signup and view all the answers

The role of the accessory glands in sperm production is primarily to:

Provide nutrients and protection for sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

To produce seminal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which gland produces a milky fluid containing enzymes and citric acid, which helps in the activation of sperm and neutralization of vaginal acidity?

Prostate gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

Lubrication of the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What structures are found in the spermatic cord?

Vas Deferens, Testicular Arteries, Pampiniform Plexus, Lymphatic Vessels, Nerves, Cremaster Muscle, Inguinal Canal Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of each male accessory gland?

Seminal Vesicles: Produce seminal fluid rich in fructose, Prostate Gland: Neutralize acidity in the vaginal tract, Bulbourethral Glands: Lubricate urethra and neutralize acidic urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct flow of spermatozoa from where they are produced to where fertilization occurs?

Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra Signup and view all the answers

During the process of sperm maturation, which part does sperm interact with first, second, and third?

First: Sperm enter the body of the epididymis from the testis. Second: Sperm move into the head of the epididymis, where they continue to mature. Third: Mature sperm progress to the tail of the epididymis, where they are stored until ejaculation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the male accessory glands?

Providing a conducive environment for sperm survival and motility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the composition of seminal fluid?

It is rich in fructose, which provides energy for sperm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gonads and Their Function

Gonads are the primary reproductive organs, consisting of testes in males and ovaries in females.
The primary function of gonads is to produce gametes (sperm or ova) and sex hormones.

Male Gonads

Testes produce sperm and testosterone.
The duct system in males, including the vas deferens, transports sperm.

Female Gonads

Ovaries produce ova (eggs) and the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.
The fallopian tubes transport ova in females.

Male Reproductive System

Consists of testes, penis, duct systems (e.g., vas deferens), and accessory glands (e.g., prostate).
Accessory glands produce seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.

Female Reproductive System

Consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina.
Female structures support fertilization, embryo development, and childbirth.

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Description

Learn about the three phases of the uterine cycle, including the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases, and their roles in preparing the endometrium for potential pregnancy. Understand the functions of each phase and how they contribute to the reproductive process.