User-Centered Design Principles
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Questions and Answers

Why is it important to work with users in design and development?

  • Involvement of users is optional in the development process.
  • Developers are usually more experienced than users.
  • Users can provide insights into their unique needs and abilities. (correct)
  • Developers share common characteristics with users.

    • What is a common misconception developers may have about their relationship with users?

  • Users require less training on the systems they use.
  • Developers are better at using the systems they build. (correct)
  • Developers have a thorough understanding of all user needs.
  • Users have similar technological skills as developers.

    • Which of the following statements accurately reflects the differences between developers and users?

  • Developers tend to be more diverse in age than users.
  • Developers have more intimate knowledge of the systems they build compared to users. (correct)
  • Users are typically less comfortable with technology than developers.
  • Users are generally more familiar with the technologies than the developers.

    • What can be a potential outcome of neglecting user input during system development?

    <p>Initiation of systems that require extensive user training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the diversity often found between users and developers?

    <p>Users and developers tend to have different abilities and environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary factor that influences our attention according to the content?

    <p>Our goals and interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design technique can improve the ability to direct a user's attention?

    <p>Grouping related information together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding from Tullis's research on attention?

    <p>The second screen was easier to search due to visual arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended for effective perception design?

    <p>Making spoken words as complex as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does focused attention allow us to do amidst competing stimuli?

    <p>Concentrate on relevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What design implication helps enhance information perception according to the content?

    <p>Utilizing borders and spacing to indicate grouping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of focusing our attention?

    <p>To concentrate on relevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem arises from having information bunched together as noted in Tullis's findings?

    <p>Difficulty in searching for specific details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic relates to the ways in which users engage with tools and information?

    <p>Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of cognition?

    <p>General health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cognition affects how users understand and interact with language?

    <p>Reading, speaking, listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may influence a user’s approach to collaboration?

    <p>Socio-economic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a misconception that designers have about users?

    <p>All users are the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive process relates to how users bring back information to mind?

    <p>Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic can influence both cognitive ability and social dynamics among users?

    <p>Educational level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial for understanding how a user perceives information?

    <p>Learning styles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between recall and recognition?

    <p>Recall requires active memory retrieval, whereas recognition involves identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is suggested to help aid memory according to design implications?

    <p>Using familiar icons and consistent placement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is recognition easier than recall?

    <p>Recall involves a more complex cognitive process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does reading have over listening?

    <p>Reading is more permanent and can be reviewed easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive style might someone prefer if they respond better to visual representations?

    <p>Spatial cognitive style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an implication of using too many options in a design?

    <p>It can overwhelm users and hinder decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does problem-solving often involve?

    <p>Conscious thought and reflective cognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested limit for options on a spoken menu to aid memory?

    <p>Three options to keep it manageable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a functional requirement for robots?

    <p>The robot should avoid obstacles within 3 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prioritizing requirements using the MoSCoW method?

    <p>To categorize requirements into levels of importance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data gathering method involves observing a user performing a task?

    <p>Observing user doing a task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic should requirements ideally have?

    <p>They should be testable and measurable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue that may arise with requirements over time?

    <p>Requirements can change and lists grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when writing requirements?

    <p>Using vague or ambiguous terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a functional requirement for user interactions?

    <p>A customer service rep should be able to enter 3 issues in less than 15 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to make decisions according to von Newmann and Morgenstern's approach?

    <p>Exhaustively go through all the possibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do mental models play in user interaction with systems?

    <p>They influence how users perceive the system’s functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method through which mental models are formed?

    <p>Experience and training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mental models differ from conceptual models?

    <p>Mental models represent user understanding, while conceptual models assist in learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What design implication aids rapid decision-making for users on the move?

    <p>Simple and memorable functions at the interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence the formation of a user’s mental model?

    <p>Interaction with the system over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to research, what may be a limitation when users develop mental models?

    <p>Mental models can be over/underestimated initially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes heuristics in decision-making?

    <p>Heuristics simplify decisions using less information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Interaction Design - User Requirements

    • User requirements are crucial for successful design
    • Designers should understand their users deeply
    • Users have different characteristics, demographics, needs, and abilities from designers/developers.
    • Prioritizing user requirements is vital for effective product design.
    • Users' own mental models influence how they interact with a system.
    • Distinguishing between functional and non-functional requirements is important.
    • Functional requirements define 'what' the system should do.
    • Non-functional requirements address constraints or qualities like usability, reliability, and performance.
    • Understanding how users think and how they perceive, memorize, and use language to interact with a system, is critical.
    • User requirements are informed by data-gathering methods like interviews, focus groups, and observations.

    User Requirements Example

    • Example functional requirements for a robot system:
      • "The robot must be able to pick up a glass"
      • "The robot must be able to climb stairs"
      • "The user must be able to stop the robot"
    • Example non-functional requirements:
      • "The robot should respond in 2 seconds"
      • "The robot speech should be clear"
    • Requirements may include diagrams, scenarios, or descriptions to clarify what is needed.

    Mental Models

    • Mental models represent how users understand systems and how they work.
    • These are based on past experiences, training, and other factors.
    • User mental models might differ from what the design had intended.
    • Designers should consider and understand mental models to optimize systems for users' understanding/use.
    • User expectations are influenced by mental models and prior experiences.
    • These can aid or impede user-system interaction.

    Personas

    • Personas are representations of core user groups.
    • Developed from real user characteristics, representing a synthesis of typical user traits.
    • Personas are used to prioritize user needs in design.
    • Personas are useful for testing ideas or assumptions, especially when designers don't have personal experience with users.
    • Be mindful of potential biases when creating personas.

    Data Gathering for Requirements

    • Data gathering methods for requirements:
    • Interviews
    • Focus groups
    • Participatory design
    • Questionnaires
    • Observing users
    • Researching similar products
    • Data collection and analysis is crucial for accurate requirements.

    Prioritizing User Requirements

    • Prioritization methods:
      • MOSCOW method (Must, Should, Could, Won't)
      • Ranking (High, Medium, Low)
    • Considerations:
      • Requirements can change over time.
      • Maintaining consistency in priorities throughout the design process is essential.

    Writing Requirements

    • Clarity and specific language in user requirements documents are key.
    • Avoid vague language and ensure requirements are testable and measurable.
    • Focus on "what" the system should do rather than "how" it should do it.
    • Requirements should be complete, consistent, and addressed before implementation.

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    F27ID 24-25 Week 5 Interaction Design PDF

    Description

    Explore the critical relationship between users and developers in the context of design and system development. This quiz delves into misconceptions, common practices, and design techniques that enhance user experience. Test your knowledge of user-centered design concepts and attention-related findings.

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