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US Power and Global Order
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US Power and Global Order

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Questions and Answers

What significant factor contributed to the defeat of the Taliban in Afghanistan?

  • The withdrawal of NATO troops
  • A global economic crisis
  • Increased support from neighboring countries
  • A coalition of over forty countries led by the US (correct)

    • What was the timeframe for US military involvement in Afghanistan termed 'Operation Enduring Freedom'?

  • 2003 to 2011
  • 2000 to 2021
  • 2001 to 2014 (correct)
  • 2001 to 2021

    • What was the primary goal of the US-led coalition in Iraq in 2003?

  • To promote democracy
  • To disarm Iraq and ensure regime change (correct)
  • To establish military bases
  • To support humanitarian efforts

    • What was a major consequence of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021?

    <p>The Taliban regained control quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the United States rank in terms of diplomatic missions worldwide?

    <p>Has the most diplomatic missions of any country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention signifies one of the longest military engagements in American history?

    <p>Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about US military power based on intervention outcomes?

    <p>It does not always lead to successful interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a limit of the US's quantitative military strength in interventions?

    <p>The ability to fight two major wars simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key limitations faced by a superpower according to the content?

    <p>National interests, resource mobilization, domestic politics, and historical overreach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of international relations suggests that no nation can exert sovereignty over another?

    <p>Par in parem non habet imperium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the United States expressed a desire to limit regarding its military engagements?

    <p>Overseas military commitments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event is cited as an example of U.S. military action with allied support in 2011?

    <p>The Libyan intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William Wohlforth, what is one of the characteristics of a unipolar system?

    <p>It provides a peaceful distribution of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of hegemonic stability theory mentioned in the content?

    <p>It assumes unipolarity will eliminate wars entirely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of wars does Nuno P. Monteiro argue arise in a unipolar system?

    <p>Wars between a superpower and minor powers, and those among minor powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content suggest about the behavior of the U.S. in relation to intervention after the War on Terror began in 2001?

    <p>The U.S. has shown both engagement and non-intervention in various conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event significantly impacted the international standing of the United States?

    <p>The 2008 financial crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative is China implementing to expand its economic influence?

    <p>The Belt and Road Initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization do the BRICS countries aim to rival with the New Development Bank?

    <p>World Bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have policymakers in Washington adjusted their approach in the contemporary world order?

    <p>They increasingly negotiate and compromise with other states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main prediction made by Francis Fukuyama regarding global political systems after the Cold War?

    <p>Countries would embrace liberal values and democracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of regimes worldwide can be categorized as democratic, according to certain metrics?

    <p>A little over 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country faced stiff opposition from developing nations during the 2003 WTO conference in Cancún?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes the current trend in global economics as indicated in the content?

    <p>Multipolarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the economic peace theory assert about the relationship between markets and individual freedom?

    <p>Freer markets enhance individual decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criticism do opponents of the economic peace theory commonly highlight?

    <p>The theory assumes a win-win scenario for all parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical argument did Immanuel Kant make regarding commerce and war?

    <p>The spirit of commerce is incompatible with war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Thomas Friedman expand on the economic peace theory with the 'Dell theory'?

    <p>Countries in a global supply chain will never conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events challenges the assumptions of the economic peace theory?

    <p>The Kargil War between India and Pakistan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of those who critique liberal views of capitalism and democracy?

    <p>Power dynamics can always lead to conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'McDonald’s society' refer to in the context of economic peace theory?

    <p>A society characterized by cultural homogenization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what do realists believe about relations between states?

    <p>They are volatile and prone to conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did the United Nations take in 1947 regarding Palestine?

    <p>Approved a proposal to partition Palestine into two separate states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the 1956 Arab-Israeli conflict?

    <p>Israel received assurance that the Straits of Tiran would remain open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which territories did Israel gain control over during the 1967 war?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted Israel to launch pre-emptive air strikes against Egypt in 1967?

    <p>Closure of the Straits of Tiran to Israeli vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant outcome of the Yom Kippur War in 1973?

    <p>Israel was taken by surprise but managed to push back the Syrians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which external power has provided significant support to Israel, enabling it to continue operations despite international law violations?

    <p>The United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one result of the international involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflicts?

    <p>Increased barriers towards reconciliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary reason for Arab states' refusal to recognize Israel?

    <p>Ongoing territorial disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    US Power and Global Order

    • US superpower status is constrained by national interests, resource capacity, domestic politics, and a tendency towards overreach.
    • International law emphasizes non-intervention and the equality of nations ( par in parem non habet imperium).
    • Despite significant military spending, the US often limits overseas commitments and pressures allies to share burdens.
    • US military interventions (e.g., Libya 2011) often involve allied support.
    • US foreign policy reflects fluctuating engagement and isolationist tendencies (e.g., intervention in the War on Terror vs. inaction in Rwanda 1994).
    • Unipolarity theories (e.g., Wohlforth) suggest that a single superpower leads to greater international stability, while others (e.g., Monteiro) argue it promotes different types of warfare.
    • While the US wields considerable soft power (aid, diplomatic missions), quantitative measures do not guarantee dominance.
    • Post-2000 US interventions have been mostly small-scale, with the notable exceptions of Iraq and Afghanistan.
    • The Afghanistan war (2001-2021) represented the longest war in American history and ended with the Taliban regaining control after US withdrawal.
    • The Iraq War (2003-2011) involved a "coalition of the willing," but the US bore the brunt of the considerable ground troop commitment.
    • The US's ability to fight two major wars simultaneously reinforces its global hegemony.
    • However, the 2008 financial crisis impacted US economic standing, reducing its dominance in international economic organizations.
    • The rise of BRICS and initiatives like China's Belt and Road demonstrate the increasing multipolarity of the global economy.
    • The US must negotiate with emerging economies and compromise on issues (e.g., agricultural subsidies, WTO).

    Regime Types and International Relations

    • The post-Soviet era saw a belief in the "end of history" (Fukuyama) with the triumph of liberal democracy.
    • The number of democratic states has increased significantly since the Cold War, with roughly half of all regimes being classified as democratic.
    • Economic peace theory links free markets with individual freedom and efficient resource allocation.
    • Critics argue that capitalism relies on state repression and a zero-sum view of power, leading to wars driven by capitalist interests.
    • Realism rejects the optimistic liberal view of human nature and suggests that conflict is always potential, regardless of economic/political ties.
    • The "golden arches theory" (Friedman) linked economic development with strong middle classes and peace, but exceptions exist (e.g., Kargil War, NATO-Serbia conflict).
    • The "Dell theory" emphasizes mutual dependence within global supply chains as a conflict prevention mechanism.
    • External powers can hinder reconciliation (e.g., Arab states' refusal to recognize Israel).

    Arab-Israeli Conflict

    • The 1947 UN partition plan for Palestine led to displacement and conflict.
    • The 1956 Suez Crisis involved an invasion led by Israel, UK, and France but was stopped by UN and superpower pressure.
    • The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel gain significant territory, despite international condemnation, supported by the US.
    • The 1973 Yom Kippur War involved a coalition of Arab states against Israel, demonstrating Israel's continued military ability.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the complexities of US superpower status and its influence on global order. It covers various aspects of US foreign policy, military interventions, and theories of unipolarity. Test your knowledge about the nuances of international relations and the balance of power.

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