US Foreign Policy Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the original number of members in the House of Representatives?

  • 100
  • 65 (correct)
  • 150
  • 250

What is the purpose of the Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929?

  • To mandate annual population censuses
  • To cap the number of members in Congress (correct)
  • To ensure equal population distribution in states
  • To increase the number of congressional districts

What term describes the manipulation of electoral district boundaries?

  • Redistricting
  • Apportionment
  • Gerrymandering (correct)
  • Reapportionment

What percentage of the 116th Congress was identified as Christian?

<p>88% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups has the least representation in Congress?

<p>Native Americans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Speaker of the House?

<p>Maintain majority for their party (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of Congress had a college education?

<p>96% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is currently the Speaker of the House?

<p>Mike Johnson (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What majority is required in the Senate to confirm international treaties?

<p>Two-thirds majority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document established the first federal court system in the United States?

<p>The Judiciary Act of 1789 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power does Congress NOT have in relation to the judiciary?

<p>Create new laws for state courts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary jurisdiction of federal courts?

<p>Cases relating to federal law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of judges in a district court in the US?

<p>At least one judge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who breaks a tie vote in the Senate during the confirmation of federal judges?

<p>The Vice President (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a qualification specified in the US Constitution to be a Supreme Court justice?

<p>Minimum age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cases do district courts primarily hear?

<p>Civil and criminal cases involving federal law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for an amendment to be approved after a national constitutional convention?

<p>Approval of three-fourths of the states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Supreme Court case guaranteed equal protection under the law for Mexican Americans?

<p>Hernandez v. Texas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?

<p>13th Amendment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the 'Father of the Constitution'?

<p>James Madison (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change was made by the 17th Amendment?

<p>Direct election of senators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which founding father negotiated the alliance with France during the American Revolution?

<p>Benjamin Franklin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education case?

<p>Struck down segregation in schools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment eliminated poll taxes in federal elections?

<p>24th Amendment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant political shift occurred after 1932 regarding the Democratic and Republican parties?

<p>Democrats supported a strong federal social safety net. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following legislative acts was associated with the Democrats' civil rights movement in the 1960s?

<p>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ideology characterized the rise of Reaganism in the 1980s?

<p>Neoliberalism and social conservatism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major political outcome of Bill Clinton's Third Way approach?

<p>Aimed at appealing to a wider base of voters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group notably shifted from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party during the 1960s?

<p>African Americans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Reaganism have on social programs in the 1980s?

<p>Promotion of deregulation and privatization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which decade did Republicans first control both the House and the Senate since before 1954?

<p>1994 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key component of trickle-down economics associated with Reaganism?

<p>Lower taxes for large corporations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism describes the media strengthening existing opinions among its audience?

<p>Reinforcement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do interest groups play in the American political system?

<p>They represent diverse interests and influence public policy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of media is considered far-right?

<p>Fox News (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Alexis de Tocqueville argue about associations in the context of American democracy?

<p>They are a fundamental means of political participation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does framing influence public perception according to media theory?

<p>By emphasizing certain aspects to shape interpretation of issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a primary objective of interest groups?

<p>To interpret how policy developments affect their objectives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of agenda-setting in media influence?

<p>It involves influencing what topics the public thinks and talks about. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was James Madison's concern regarding factions within the young nation?

<p>They could divide the nation and hinder governance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle did the Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes articulate regarding free speech during wartime?

<p>Free speech must be curtailed to support the war effort. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was established in the Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) ruling regarding freedom of speech?

<p>Speech is protected unless it incites imminent lawless action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Second Amendment to the Constitution primarily addresses which aspect of society?

<p>The right to bear arms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which landmark case affirmed the right to keep arms for lawful purposes including self-defense?

<p>District of Columbia v. Heller (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant ruling did Roe v. Wade (1973) establish regarding abortion?

<p>Abortion is a national right during the first two trimesters of pregnancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by civil rights in the context of the United States?

<p>A set of rights ensuring equal treatment and protection from discrimination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following impediments to African Americans' civil rights was NOT mentioned?

<p>The Homestead Act. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendments were instrumental in advancing civil rights for African Americans?

<p>13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Wartime Speech Restrictions

Freedom of speech can be restricted during wartime when it hinders national security efforts.

Imminent Lawless Action Test

The First Amendment protects freedom of speech, press, and assembly, unless it incites imminent lawless action.

Second Amendment: Right to Bear Arms

The Second Amendment guarantees the right to keep and bear arms for lawful purposes, such as self-defense.

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to own a gun for self-defense.

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Roe v. Wade (1973)

The Supreme Court legalized abortion nationwide in the first trimester of pregnancy.

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Civil Rights

A set of rights ensuring equal treatment in areas like education, employment, and public facilities.

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Jim Crow Laws

After the Civil War, laws were enacted to segregate African Americans from whites in all public places.

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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation in public facilities.

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Constitutional Interpretation by the Supreme Court

The process of interpreting the Constitution by the Supreme Court, allowing the document to evolve and adapt with changing times.

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National Constitutional Convention

A method of amending the Constitution that involves a national convention called by two-thirds of the states. Amendments proposed at the convention must then be ratified by three-fourths of the states. This method has never been used.

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Hernandez v. Texas (1954)

A legal case (1954) that granted Mexican Americans equal protection under the law, breaking down discriminatory practices based on ethnicity.

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A landmark case (1954) that struck down racial segregation in public schools, a major victory for the Civil Rights Movement.

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Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

A controversial Supreme Court decision (2010) that ruled that corporations have First Amendment rights, allowing them to spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns.

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Abolition of Slavery (13th Amendment)

The 13th Amendment (1865) abolished slavery in the United States, a monumental step towards equality.

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African American and Women's Right to Vote (15th & 19th Amendments)

The 15th Amendment (1869) granted African American men the right to vote, while the 19th Amendment (1919) extended suffrage to women.

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Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment)

The 17th Amendment (1912) changed the process of electing senators, allowing them to be directly chosen by the people, rather than by state legislatures.

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Redistricting

A process where states redraw congressional district boundaries every 10 years after the census to ensure roughly equal population size in each district.

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Gerrymandering

The practice of manipulating congressional district lines to favor a particular political party or group.

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Mike Johnson

The current speaker of the House of Representatives, chosen by a majority of House members.

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Speaker of the House

The head of the House of Representatives, responsible for maintaining their party's majority and organizing committee work.

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Cap on House Members

The Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929 set a fixed number of representatives in the House, limiting its size.

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Congressional District Size

Average size of a congressional district in the United States.

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Apportionment

The process of allocating seats in the House of Representatives to each state based on population changes.

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Diversity in Congress

The House of Representatives is made up of a diverse group of people representing various faiths, races, and backgrounds.

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Electoral Realignment

A significant shift in voter allegiance from one political party to another, often driven by major changes in ideology or societal issues.

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Conservatism (Modern)

A political ideology that emphasizes a limited role for government, lower taxes, deregulation, and individual freedom.

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Liberalism (Modern)

A political ideology that supports social welfare programs, government intervention in the economy, and civil rights.

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The New Deal

A period of major social and economic reforms initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression, emphasizing government intervention in the economy and social welfare programs.

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The Great Society

A set of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the mid-1960s, aimed at addressing poverty, inequality, and racial injustice.

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Liberalism (Classical)

A political philosophy advocating for a strong role for the central government in regulating the economy and promoting social welfare.

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Conservatism (Classical)

A political philosophy advocating for limited government intervention in the economy and individual freedom.

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Neoliberalism

A political and economic philosophy that emphasizes free markets, privatization, deregulation, and lower taxes.

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Impeachment

The power of Congress to formally accuse and bring to trial a government official for misconduct, which can lead to removal from office. The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeachment, while the Senate conducts the trial.

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Senate Confirmation

The power of the Senate to approve or reject presidential appointments to positions such as cabinet secretaries, federal judges, and ambassadors.

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Judiciary Act of 1789

Established the first federal court system in the United States, composed of district courts (lowest level), circuit courts (intermediate level), and the Supreme Court (highest level).

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District Courts

The lowest level of federal trial courts, responsible for hearing civil and criminal cases. There are 94 district courts in the US.

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Judicial Branch

The branch of the U.S. government responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring they are consistent with the Constitution. It is headed by the Supreme Court.

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Federal Court Jurisdiction

The power the federal courts have to hear cases that relate to federal law, including disputes between citizens of different states and violations of federal statutes.

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Senate Treaty Confirmation

The power of the Senate to approve or reject international treaties negotiated by the president. A two-thirds majority vote in the Senate is required for ratification.

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Power of the Purse for Military

The ability of Congress to control the funding of the military. Through this power, Congress can influence the size, scope, and operations of the armed forces.

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Agenda-setting in media

The influence of media in shaping public opinion by emphasizing certain issues over others, thus affecting the public's perception of what is important.

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Reinforcement in media

People tend to consume media that confirms their existing beliefs and ideologies, reinforcing their existing views and ignoring contrasting perspectives.

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Framing in media

The media shapes how we interpret events or information by emphasizing certain aspects and framing them in a specific way, influencing our understanding of the issue.

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Priming in media

The media's coverage of certain issues influences how people interpret future events, even those unrelated to the original topic.

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Interest groups

Groups of individuals who share common political, religious, or social interests, seeking to influence public policy in their favor.

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Informative role of interest groups

Interest groups try to inform their members, the media, and the government about issues they care about, providing information and raising awareness.

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Interpretive role of interest groups

Interest groups analyze how policy developments affect their goals, explaining the impact of legislation on their members and initiatives.

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Influence of interest groups on legislation

Interest groups aim to influence legislation by providing expertise, conducting research, and proposing policy recommendations to lawmakers.

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Study Notes

US Foreign Policy

  • US-EU relations: Trump viewed the EU as a rival, while Biden emphasized cooperation as essential in global affairs. Trump considered imposing more tariffs on European goods, and threatened to leave the Paris Climate Agreement and NATO.
  • US-Russia relations: Trump expressed optimism about a quick resolution to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Possible solutions included territorial concessions, demilitarization zones, and neutrality guarantees for Ukraine.
  • US-China relations: Trump initiated a trade war with China in 2018. The dispute involved tariffs and trade restrictions. Trump's "America First" policy, emphasized bringing manufacturing jobs back to the US. Trump proposed higher tariffs on Chinese imports.

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Estudios Regionales Estados Unidos PDF

Description

This quiz examines key aspects of US foreign policy under the Trump and Biden administrations. It covers relations with the EU, Russia, and China, highlighting contrasts in approaches and significant events like trade wars and international agreements. Test your knowledge on how these policies shape global dynamics.

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