Questions and Answers
What factor ignited the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
salary cuts
Railroad workers received raises as a consequence of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
False
President Hayes began ___ reform in an effort to end patronage.
civil service
Who became the first African American to receive votes at the 1880 Republican national convention?
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What was passed in response to a belief that immigrants were taking jobs belonging to Americans?
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Match the Republican factions with their descriptions:
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What was the intent of the Desert Land Act and Timber and Stone Act of 1878?
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Match the candidates of the 1880 Presidential election:
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What happened to President Garfield six months after taking office?
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Who succeeded Garfield as President?
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What Reform Act ensured government jobs would be filled based on merit under Arthur?
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Study Notes
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
- Ignited by salary cuts during the Long Depression, leading workers to protest.
- B&O Railroad workers in Martinsburg, West Virginia, initiated the strike, demanding wage restoration.
- The strike highlighted workforce struggles and economic hardships of the period.
Impact of the Great Railroad Strike
- Railroad workers did not receive raises as a result, contrary to some expectations.
- The strike set the stage for future labor movements and highlighted the tensions between workers and management.
Civil Service Reform
- President Hayes initiated civil service reform to eliminate the patronage system.
- Aimed to professionalize government employment, ensuring public administration efficiency.
First African American Vote in a Major Party
- Blanche Kelso Bruce made history at the 1880 Republican national convention as the first African American to receive votes.
- Received 8 votes for the vice-presidential nomination, representing a significant milestone for African American political participation.
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
- Passed to address concerns over job competition from Chinese immigrants.
- Initially made illegal immigration from China for 20 years, later modified to 10 years.
- Reflected growing nativist sentiments in the United States during the period.
Republican Party Factions
- The Republican Party faced a split into two factions: the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds.
- Stalwarts were ultraconservative, favoring patronage; Half-Breeds were moderate, opposing patronage and supporting reforms.
Land Development Acts
- The Desert Land Act of 1877 encouraged irrigation of arid lands, granting 640 acres to settlers willing to cultivate it.
- The Timber and Stone Act of 1878 aimed at promoting the development of western forest lands.
1880 Presidential Election Candidates
- Republicans nominated James A. Garfield after a contentious selection process.
- Democrats selected Winfield Scott Hancock, and the election featured multiple party candidates.
Assassination of President Garfield
- Garfield was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2, 1881, shortly after taking office.
- Survived for several months before dying from infection in September 1881.
Chester A. Arthur's Presidency
- Chester A. Arthur, a Stalwart, assumed the presidency following Garfield's assassination.
- His administration focused on passing the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which established merit-based hiring for government jobs.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of U.S. History Unit 3 with these flashcards. This unit focuses on significant events such as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, which was sparked by salary cuts during the Long Depression. Test your knowledge and understand the impacts of these historical events.
