US History Period 5 (1844-1877)

Desire for access to natural and mineral resources, Hope of economic opportunities, Religious refuge, and Desire for a better life, opportunity, and new beginnings.

True (A)

To grow the sparsely populated region, in which cotton could be grown, Mexican authorities offered free land to American settlers.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of San Jacinto, led by Sam Houston in April 1836 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Andrew Jackson (A), Martin Van Buren (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mexican-American War was primarily triggered by a dispute over the border between Texas and Mexico. The US claimed the Rio Grande River as the border, whereas Mexico insisted on the Nueces River.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mexican-American War (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The territory claimed by both the United States and Britain in the 1830s was the Oregon Territory. It was significant because of its rich natural resources, fertile land, and access to fertile land, and access to the Pacific Ocean, making it a coveted prize for both nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were bullied in Ohio because they had adopted polygamy, which was deemed to be immoral at the time. They decided to seek out a new state where they could practice their beliefs freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition for resources, jobs, and social opportunities (A), Cultural and societal divisions, as they adapted to a new way of life (B), The depletion of natural resources and the potential for environmental damage (C), Exclusionary practices and discrimination against certain ethnic groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary arguments used by the advocates of annexing western lands were rooted in the concept of Manifest Destiny. They believed it was their God-given destiny to overspread the continent, believing in the superiority of American institutions and a commitment to democratic principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Homestead Act of 1862 granted 160 acres of free land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. This incentivized westward expansion and helped populate sparsely populated territories in the Midwest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of trade and commercial agreements (B), The expansion of the railroad network (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary principle behind the policy of popular sovereignty was to allow the people of each territory to decide the status of slavery within their land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The American Party (A), The Know-Nothing Party (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The abolitionist movement became increasingly divided in the mid-1830s due to the rising tension surrounding slavery and the growing violence against abolitionist efforts. Some sought a more moderate approach, while others embraced a radical path, even advocating for disunion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Underground Railroad was a clandestine network of safe houses and abolitionist organizers who helped enslaved people escape to freedom. They provided shelter, food, and guidance, utilizing secret escape routes and a system of coded communication, often traveling by night and relying on the support of a network of sympathetic individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capture of Richmond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both the Union and the Confederacy faced immense challenges during the Civil War. The Union had to contend with a vast geographic expanse separated by a complex railroad network, making it difficult to control the vast territory. The Confederacy, on the other hand, lacked a sizable industrial base and had a limited population, creating significant resource shortages and struggles to equip and sustain its armed forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of &quot;total war&quot; during the Civil War significantly impacted the South, leaving behind a legacy of devastation. The relentless military campaigns and the intentional destruction of civilian infrastructure and resources led to widespread destruction and economic devastation, and ultimately served to weaken the Southern resolve to continue fighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reconstruction posed a series of complex challenges for the nation, primarily focused on defining the political and legal status of former Confederate states, incorporating formerly enslaved people into society and ensuring their rights, and addressing the needs of the South, which was devastated by war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congress, primarily the Radical Republicans, rejected the Ten Percent Plan, deeming it too lenient on the Confederate states. They pushed for a more stringent approach, demanding a greater level of accountability and protection of newly freed slaves. The conflict ultimately ended with President Lincoln's pocket veto of the Wade-Davis Bill, which attempted to impose a stricter Reconstruction plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of state governments in former Confederate states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical Republicans pushed for a more transformative and rigorous approach to Reconstruction, ensuring equality and rights for formerly enslaved people. (B), Moderate Republicans believed in a more lenient approach, prioritizing forgiveness and reconciliation with Confederate states, placing less emphasis on guarantees for African Americans and a swift restoration of racial order. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Election of 1876, a highly contested and controversial affair, signified a turning point in the Reconstruction era due to the fierce battle between Republican Rutherford B Hayes and Democrat Samuel Tilden, and the resulting compromise that ultimately ended Reconstruction and brought an era of federal intervention in the South to a close. The outcome was a negotiated agreement known as the Compromise of 1877, which saw the return of political control to the formerly Confederate states, ultimately marking the end of Reconstruction and a period of federal involvement in the South's affairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Share cropping was a system of agricultural labor that became prevalent in the South after the Civil War. It developed as a response to the economic devastation of the South and the lack of land ownership among formerly enslaved people. Under share cropping, Black farmers worked the land, but they were compensated with a share of the crop. This system often ensnared Black share croppers in a cycle of debt and dependence on white landowners due to factors like low wages, high-interest rates, and a limited access to resources. The consequences of share cropping had devastating impacts for Black Americans and the South. It contributed to a cycle of debt, limited access to education, and perpetuated inequality .</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The failure of the Republican Party to effectively mobilize its supporters and sustain its political power in the South, leading to the rise of Democratic control. (A), The resistance and defiance of the South, fueled by white supremacy and racial tensions. (B), The lack of support from the North, who gradually lost interest in the South's affairs and shifted their focus to other issues, (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A geographic and ideological concept that suggested the US was destined to expand across the continent, driven by the belief in white supremacy and the righteousness of American ideals.

The belief that the US was destined to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean, based on the idea that Americans possessed the right and duty to claim the land.

An area in present-day Texas settled by Americans in the 1820s, leading to conflict with Mexico.

A territory jointly claimed by the US and Britain in the 1840s, eventually becoming a state after the Oregon Treaty.

A territory annexed by the US in 1848, settled by Mormons seeking religious freedom and practicing polygamy.

The discovery of gold in California in 1848, leading to a massive influx of miners and a rapid population growth.

The 1844 presidential election in which James K. Polk, an expansionist, won, setting the stage for the Mexican-American War.

A disputed border between Texas and Mexico, leading to the Mexican-American War. Texans claimed the Rio Grande River, while Mexico insisted on the Nueces River.

The war between the US and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, resulting in US acquiring vast territories in the West.

A proposal by Representative David Wilmot in 1846 to prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico.

The principle that settlers in a territory should decide the status of slavery, used in the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which led to conflict and violence in Kansas.

A violent period in the 1850s in Kansas, as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers clashed over the issue of slavery.

The 1857 Supreme Court case that ruled that slaves were not US citizens and had no rights in federal courts, further deepening the sectional divide.

A series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the 1858 Illinois Senate election, focusing on the issue of slavery in the territories.

A third party formed in 1848 that opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories, gaining some national support.

A series of compromises proposed by Henry Clay in 1850 to resolve the issue of slavery and prevent the dissolution of the nation.

The admission of California as a free state in the Compromise of 1850, upsetting the balance between free and slave states, leading to tensions.

The 1860 presidential election that saw Abraham Lincoln, a Republican opposed to slavery’s expansion, win the presidency, which led to secession of the Southern states.

The process of bringing the Southern states back into the Union after the Civil War, marked by different approaches and ongoing struggles over civil rights and social change.

The plan proposed by President Lincoln in 1863 to allow Southern states back into the Union if 10 percent of their voters took an oath of loyalty.

A bill passed by Congress in 1864 that imposed stricter requirements for Southern states to rejoin the Union, including a majority of voters taking a loyalty oath.

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction, similar to Lincoln's, but more lenient towards former Confederates, which angered Radical Republicans.

The period after the Civil War when Congress took control of Reconstruction, enacting stricter policies aimed at protecting civil rights for African Americans and integrating them into society.

A 1866 act passed by Congress, overriding President Johnson's veto, which declared that African Americans were US citizens, reaffirming their rights.

Violence against African Americans in Memphis in 1896, where white mobs attacked and killed black people, leading to the passage of the 14th Amendment.

The 13th Amendment, ratified in 1865, legally abolishing slavery across the US.

The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, guaranteed citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US, regardless of race, and granted equal protection under the law.

The 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The system of farming that took root in the South during Reconstruction involving landowners providing land and supplies to tenants who worked it and shared a portion of the crop.

A period when Southern whites regained control of state governments and political power, often employing violence and intimidation against African Americans to prevent their political participation.

A series of violent terrorist organizations that emerged in the South after the Civil War, aimed at intimidating and suppressing African Americans from exercising their civil rights.

The infamous act of violence by a white mob in New Orleans in 1866, where they attacked and killed black citizens protesting against the denial of their voting rights.

The plan proposed by General Sherman in 1865 to distribute confiscated land and mules to formerly enslaved African Americans to help them achieve economic independence.

An organization established by the US government after the Civil War to help formerly enslaved African Americans transition to freedom, offering food, clothing, education, and job training.

A political agreement reached in 1877 that resulted in Republican Rutherford B. Hayes winning the presidential election in exchange for ending federal military Reconstruction in the South.

Laws enacted in the South after Reconstruction that aimed to segregate black people from white people and restrict their civil rights often through discrimination and violence.

The failed attempt by the US government to fully integrate former Confederate states and African Americans into American society, leaving behind a legacy of racial injustice and social inequality.