Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion
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What key justifications were provided for Manifest Destiny in relation to westward expansion?

  • Cultural superiority and a divine right. (correct)
  • Geopolitical strategy and territorial security. (correct)
  • Environmental sustainability and climate control.
  • Economic necessity and agricultural production.

What were the significant economic impacts of the Louisiana Purchase on the United States?

  • Decrease in the national debt.
  • Nationwide industrialization efforts.
  • Increased trade with European nations.
  • Expansion of agriculture and resources. (correct)

What were the primary reasons behind France's decision to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States?

  • Expansion of French territory in Asia.
  • Alliances with native tribes in the region.
  • Financial needs stemming from war expenses. (correct)
  • Desire to strengthen U.S. military power.

What were the implications of the Gadsden Purchase for U.S. territorial expansion?

<p>Facilitated the establishment of a transcontinental railroad. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the annexation of Texas contribute to tensions leading to the Mexican American War?

<p>It established formal boundaries that Mexico did not recognize. (B), It prompted concerns over slavery in new territories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors made Oregon Country a critical area for settlement during westward expansion?

<p>Farming land and access to the Pacific Ocean. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Manifest Destiny adversely impact Native American communities?

<p>Led to their forced migration and loss of land. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor that made Oregon Country attractive for settlers?

<p>Availability of fertile land for farming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Manifest Destiny play in relation to Native Americans?

<p>It led to the forced removal of Native Americans from their ancestral lands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What territory did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo secure for the United States?

<p>California and Nevada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following outcomes occurred as a direct result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

<p>The establishment of the U.S.-Mexico border along the Rio Grande (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the promise of free land impact settlers in Oregon Country?

<p>It motivated a massive influx of settlers seeking new opportunities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the westward expansion into Oregon Country?

<p>Conflict and displacement of Native American populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason for settlers moving to Oregon Country during westward expansion?

<p>Promise of free land and farming opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the time of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, what significant event occurred in the relationship between the U.S. and Native Americans?

<p>Continuation of land dispossession and reservations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary justification for Manifest Destiny?

<p>To spread democracy and civilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant effect did the Louisiana Purchase have on the U.S.?

<p>It nearly doubled the size of the U.S. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trade route gained control for the United States as a result of the Louisiana Purchase?

<p>Mississippi River (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did France agree to sell the Louisiana Territory?

<p>To focus on its remaining colonies and fund European wars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the Texas Annexation in 1845?

<p>It caused tension that led to the Mexican-American War (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853?

<p>It helped secure a southern route for the transcontinental railroad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which territory did the U.S. acquire through the Gadsden Purchase?

<p>Modern-day southern Arizona and New Mexico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Manifest Destiny?

<p>A philosophical belief in the expansion of the U.S. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the Louisiana Purchase occur?

<p>1803 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Gadsden Purchase?

<p>To secure land for a southern transcontinental railroad (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following territories was NOT included in the Mexican Cession?

<p>Texas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much did the United States pay Mexico for the Gadsden Purchase?

<p>$10 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical feature did the Gadsden Purchase primarily help to establish?

<p>The modern-day border with Mexico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic activity was significantly supported by the Gadsden Purchase?

<p>Railroad expansion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influenced the United States' desire for land acquisition during the period including the Gadsden Purchase?

<p>The ideology of Manifest Destiny (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What amount of Mexico's debts to U.S. citizens was assumed by the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

<p>$3.25 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which territories were primarily included in the Mexican Cession?

<p>California, Neveda, Utah, Arizona, and portions of Colorado and Wyoming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the Gadsden Purchase on U.S.-Mexico relations?

<p>It resolved lingering border disputes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was the Gadsden Purchase made?

<p>1853 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major consequence of the Indian Removal Act for Native American tribes?

<p>It led to the forced relocation known as the Trail of Tears. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of Manifest Destiny on Native American populations?

<p>It disrupted Native American cultural and social structures due to forced removals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the hardships faced by pioneers on the Oregon Trail?

<p>Illnesses, accidents, and conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was James K. Polk's slogan during the 1844 presidential campaign regarding the Oregon Territory?

<p>All of Oregon or none! (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial achievement was reached by President Polk in 1846 regarding Oregon?

<p>He negotiated the Oregon Treaty, setting the 49th parallel as the border. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tribes were primarily affected by the Trail of Tears?

<p>Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major motive for pioneers traveling the Oregon Trail?

<p>To find fertile land, gold, and new opportunities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one impact of relocating Native American tribes to lands unsuitable for farming?

<p>Severe hardship and displacement for the tribes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the period of Native American removal, which president believed relocating tribes was beneficial for settlers?

<p>Andrew Jackson. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Oregon Trail influence westward expansion in the 19th century?

<p>By serving as a major route for settlers seeking new opportunities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. It was used to justify territorial expansion and was often linked to ideas of American exceptionalism and a sense of racial superiority.

Impact of Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase, a vast territory acquired from France in 1803, doubled the size of the United States. It opened up vast lands for settlement, agriculture, and trade, significantly boosting the U.S. economy.

Why did France sell Louisiana?

Napoleon Bonaparte, the leader of France, needed money for his wars in Europe. He was also concerned about the growing power of the United States in North America. France also feared a British presence in Louisiana after losing control of Saint-Domingue (Haiti) during a slave revolt.

Gadsden Purchase

The Gadsden Purchase, a small territory purchased from Mexico in 1854, aimed to secure a southern route for a transcontinental railroad. It provided the land for present-day southern Arizona and New Mexico.

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Texas Annexation and the Mexican-American War

Texas' annexation into the United States in 1845 was a major factor leading to the Mexican-American War. Mexico refused to recognize Texas' independence, sparking conflict over the territory.

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Significance of Oregon Country

The Oregon Country, a vast territory between British-held Canada and the US, was a major focus of westward expansion. Its rich resources, fertile land, and potential for fur trade, attracted settlers and prospectors.

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Manifest Destiny and its impact on Native Americans

Manifest Destiny had a devastating impact on Native American populations. It forced them off their traditional lands and decimated their cultures. The expansion of the U.S. often involved violence, displacement, and broken treaties.

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What made Oregon Country crucial for westward expansion?

Oregon Country's fertile soil and access to the Pacific Ocean attracted settlers, who hoped for free land and trade opportunities.

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How did Manifest Destiny impact Native Americans?

The forceful removal of Native Americans was a sad consequence of Manifest Destiny, as they were pushed onto reservations, losing their ancestral lands.

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What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo achieve?

The treaty marked the end of the Mexican-American War, granting the U.S. major territories like California and Nevada. It established the U.S.-Mexico border along the Rio Grande River.

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What were the geographical consequences of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

The U.S. expanded significantly due to the treaty, gaining territories like California and Nevada. It established a clear border and made the Rio Grande River the dividing line between the two nations.

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When was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed?

The treaty was signed in 1848, ending the Mexican-American War.

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How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo impact the U.S.-Mexico border?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established the Rio Grande River as the boundary line between the U.S. and Mexico, ending territorial ambiguity.

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What territories did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo give the U.S.?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo granted vast territories to the U.S., including California and Nevada, significantly expanding its western reach.

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What was the significance of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo played a critical role in shaping the western U.S., by bringing an end to conflict and defining the U.S.-Mexico border.

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Trail of Tears

A forced relocation of Native American tribes from their southeastern homelands to present-day Oklahoma, driven by the Indian Removal Act.

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Oregon Trail

A pivotal 2,000-mile route that stretched from Missouri to Oregon's Willamette Valley, used by pioneers seeking fertile land, gold, and new opportunities in the 19th century.

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Consequences of Native American Removal

Displaced Native American tribes faced hardships and displacement due to being moved to unsuitable lands for farming and survival.

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Native American Removal

A policy implemented by Andrew Jackson to move Native American tribes from the southeastern United States to territories west of the Mississippi River, aimed at providing more land for American settlers and preventing conflicts.

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1844 Presidential Campaign and Oregon

The Oregon Territory became a key issue in the 1844 presidential election. James K. Polk, the Democratic candidate, strongly advocated for annexing all of Oregon, using the slogan "All of Oregon or none!" to gain support.

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Annexation of Oregon

The peaceful resolution of the Oregon boundary dispute between the United States and Britain in 1846, resulting in the 49th parallel being established as the border between their territories in the Pacific Northwest.

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Oregon Treaty

The treaty signed in 1846 between the United States and Britain, establishing the 49th parallel as the border between their territories in the Pacific Northwest.

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Trail of Tears

The displacement of the Cherokee Nation and other tribes from their southeastern homelands to present-day Oklahoma, often under harsh conditions and resulting in significant loss of life.

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Indian Removal Act

The Indian Removal Act mandated the removal of Native American tribes from their southeastern homelands to territories west of the Mississippi River.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A treaty signed in 1848, officially ending the Mexican-American War.

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Mexican Cession

The land ceded by Mexico to the US in 1848, comprising present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.

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Transcontinental Railroad

A transcontinental railway linking the East and West coasts of the US.

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US-Mexico Border

The border between the southwestern United States and Mexico.

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American Expansionism

The concept of the US's expansionist policies, influencing its geography, economy and identity.

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Significance of the Gadsden Purchase

The 1853 purchase of land from Mexico by the United States, facilitating the construction of a transcontinental railroad.

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Economic Impact of Expansion

The economic development through railroad expansion, fueled by expansionist policies.

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Impact of Expansion on US Identity

The US's rise to continental power, shaped by expansionist policies.

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Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 purchase of nearly double the size of the US, from France. It provided access to the Mississippi River and its potential for farming and settlement.

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Texas Annexation

The US's acquisition of Texas in 1845, which sparked tensions with Mexico, eventually leading to the Mexican-American War.

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Mexican-American War

The 1846 war between the United States and Mexico that resulted from the annexation of Texas and the disputed border claims.

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Importance of the Mississippi River

The Mississippi River, a key trade route, was vital for transporting goods and resources throughout the US.

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Impact of the Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States, opening vast fertile lands for farming and settlement. The expansion of the US was fueled by this land acquisition.

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Impact of Texas Annexation

Texas annexation caused conflict with Mexico, which led to the Mexican-American War. This event triggered a period of territorial disputes and a significant expansion of the US.

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Key Drivers of US Expansion

The expansion of the US across North America was fueled by a combination of factors, including Manifest Destiny, territorial acquisitions, and the need for resources.

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Study Notes

Manifest Destiny

  • Belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America
  • Justified expansion by claiming it was America's mission to spread democracy and civilization

Acquisition of the Louisiana Territory

  • Louisiana Purchase in 1803 nearly doubled the size of the U.S.
  • Opened vast new land for farming and settlement
  • Gave the U.S. control over the Mississippi River, a key trade route

The Gadsden Purchase

  • Deal in 1853 where the U.S. bought land from Mexico (modern-day southern Arizona and New Mexico)
  • Significant because it helped secure a southern route for a transcontinental railroad

Texas Annexation

  • Annexation of Texas in 1845 angered Mexico
  • Contributed to the Mexican-American War in 1846

Oregon Country

  • Important for westward expansion due to fertile land and access to the Pacific Ocean
  • Drew people due to the promise of free land and trade opportunities

Impact on Native Americans

  • Manifest Destiny led to the forced removal of Native Americans from their lands
  • Many Native American nations were displaced to reservations, losing their ancestral territories
  • Forced removal deeply impacted Native American populations and their way of life

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

  • Ended the Mexican-American War in 1848
  • Gave the U.S. vast territories (California, Nevada, and parts of other states)
  • Established the U.S.-Mexico border along the Rio Grande River

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Explore the concept of Manifest Destiny and its implications for the United States' westward expansion through significant events such as the Louisiana Purchase and the Texas Annexation. Understand the impact these actions had on Native Americans and the nation as a whole.

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