US History: Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
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Questions and Answers

What was the main position of the Federalists regarding the power of the central government?

  • They believed the government should have no centralized power.
  • They wanted most of the power to be held in the federal government. (correct)
  • They sought a balance of power between federal and state governments.
  • They wanted most power to be given to state governments.

Which of the following groups primarily supported the Anti-Federalists?

  • Educated elites and politicians.
  • Urban bankers and businessmen.
  • Farmers and the lower classes. (correct)
  • Wealthy landowners and merchants.

What was the Anti-Federalists' view on the Constitution?

  • They wanted to abolish it completely.
  • They believed it should be interpreted loosely.
  • They supported a Bill of Rights before ratification. (correct)
  • They thought it was perfect as it was.

Which financial system did the Federalists support?

<p>Hamilton's financial system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Anti-Federalists view political alliances with foreign nations?

<p>They favored French connections and opposed ties with England. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main cause of Shay's Rebellion?

<p>Anger about high taxes and debt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the perceived impact of Shay's Rebellion on the government?

<p>It embarrassed the country internationally. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is political dissent considered necessary in a republic, according to the content?

<p>It maintains a healthy balance and informs government. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is rebellion metaphorically described in relation to governance?

<p>As a necessary evil, similar to a storm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concern regarding government power was highlighted by Shay's Rebellion?

<p>The government had insufficient power to prevent insurrections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required of states in relation to each other's laws and court decisions?

<p>They must respect each other's laws and court decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a criminal is returned to the state where a crime was committed?

<p>Extradition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many states needed to approve the Constitution for it to take effect?

<p>Nine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article VI of the Constitution declare about federal law?

<p>Federal law is the supreme law of the land. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a change or addition to the Constitution called?

<p>Amendment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of government must all states have according to Article IV?

<p>Representative government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was added to the Constitution to address concerns about individual rights?

<p>The Bill of Rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of Congress required to propose an amendment?

<p>66.67% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the process the Founding Fathers created for amending the Constitution?

<p>It is difficult to amend the Constitution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method for ratifying an amendment?

<p>State Legislature Vote (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many amendments have been ratified in total?

<p>27 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment was ratified the latest?

<p>27th Amendment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was unique about the ratification of the 21st Amendment?

<p>States held special conventions to ratify it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of state legislatures must vote 'YES' to ratify an amendment?

<p>3/4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of state legislatures must request a Congressional Convention to propose an amendment?

<p>66.67% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the first ten amendments to the Constitution called?

<p>The Bill of Rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one argument in favor of the Constitution presented by Federalists?

<p>A strong President is necessary to protect the country. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concern do Anti-Federalists express regarding the Supreme Court?

<p>It may become too influential over state laws. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which argument against the Constitution relates to the absence of a Bill of Rights?

<p>It fails to protect individual liberties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was an Anti-Federalist argument regarding the size of the United States?

<p>A central government could lead to tyranny due to the nation's size. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Federalists argue about the powers of the federal government?

<p>It provides essential control over state laws. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assertion reflects a Federalist perspective on the President?

<p>The President is a vital leader to maintain order. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a belief of the Anti-Federalists about government titles?

<p>They lead to excessive power and corruption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a concern about the federal government's power from the Anti-Federalist viewpoint?

<p>Federal laws are seen as the highest authority. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Preamble in the Constitution?

<p>To introduce the Constitution and explain its purpose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Constitution outlines the legislative branch?

<p>Article I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the qualifications to be a member of the Senate?

<p>At least 30 years old, citizen for nine years, and a state resident (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many senators does each state have?

<p>Two senators per state (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of legislature did the Virginia Plan propose?

<p>Bicameral legislature with proportional representation based on population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What special duty does the Senate have during impeachment trials?

<p>To serve as the court during impeachment trials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Compromise resolve the conflict between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans?

<p>By implementing a bicameral legislature with population-based representation in one house and equal representation in another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the House of Representatives?

<p>All revenue-raising bills must originate in this House (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 3/5ths Compromise?

<p>To count enslaved individuals as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of government is responsible for interpreting laws?

<p>Judicial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often do members of the House of Representatives serve terms?

<p>Two years per term (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for a member of the House of Representatives related to age?

<p>At least 25 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Great Compromise, how many senators does each state have?

<p>Two senators for each state, regardless of size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which power is NOT granted to Congress?

<p>Grant pardons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Article II in the Constitution?

<p>Describes presidential powers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article III primarily address?

<p>The structure of the judicial branch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a duty of the president as stated in Article II?

<p>Serve as commander-in-chief (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Article III, how are federal judges selected?

<p>Appointed by the president (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for granting presidential powers?

<p>Establishing federal courts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which power allows Congress to manage foreign trade?

<p>Regulate commerce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability to punish pirates is an example of Congress's power to:

<p>Establish laws for national defense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Shay's Rebellion Cause

Farmers in Massachusetts protested high taxes and debt collection.

Rebellion's Impact

It exposed the weakness of the new government, highlighting the need for stronger national institutions.

Rebellion's Importance

The rebellion emphasized potential for anarchy and the risk of revolution.

Guiding Principle (Rebellions)

Governments should heed public resistance and be prepared to avoid escalation.

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Rebellion's Role

Viewed as a corrective necessary for a healthy republic.

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What creates the US government?

The US Constitution, a document outlining the three branches of government and federal operations.

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What's the Preamble's purpose?

It introduces the Constitution, explains its goal, and emphasizes self-government.

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What's the legislative branch's job?

To create laws. It's the voice of the people, transforming their needs into laws.

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How does the legislative branch work?

It's a representative democracy where citizens elect representatives to represent their concerns.

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What are the two parts of the legislative branch?

The Senate and the House of Representatives.

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How do Senate and House differ?

Senators represent their entire state, while representatives represent specific districts within their state.

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What is the Senate's special duty?

It acts as a court during impeachment trials.

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Where do revenue bills start?

The House of Representatives.

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State Laws

Each state has the power to create and enforce its own laws.

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States Respecting Each Other

Every state must respect the laws and court decisions of other states.

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Extradition

A state can request a criminal who fled to another state be returned to face charges.

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New States

New states can join the Union with Congress and the president's approval.

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Republican Government

States must have a representative, or republican, government.

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Amending the Constitution

Article V describes how to change or add to the Constitution.

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Supreme Law of the Land

Federal laws are higher than state laws, according to Article VI.

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Ratification

The Constitution needed 9/13 states to approve it for it to take effect.

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What does Congress do?

Congress makes laws, collects taxes, regulates trade, and controls the military. It also manages the U.S. Postal Service and provides patents for inventions.

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Who heads the executive branch?

The President heads the executive branch, which carries out the laws made by Congress. They are the commander in chief of the military, negotiate treaties, and appoint judges.

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What does the judicial branch do?

The judicial branch interprets the laws to decide their meaning and whether they've been followed. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S.

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What are some presidential powers?

The President is the commander-in-chief of the military, negotiates treaties with other countries, and appoints judges. They also hold the power to pardon criminals.

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Who created the judicial branch?

Article III of the Constitution created the judicial branch, which includes the Supreme Court and federal courts. These courts decide on cases involving U.S. laws.

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What's the Electoral College?

The Electoral College is a system for choosing the President. Each state gets a number of electors based on its population, and the candidate who wins a majority of electoral votes becomes President.

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What makes the judiciary unique?

Federal judges are appointed for life, not elected, and they can only be removed through impeachment for bad behavior.

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How does the judicial branch ensure justice?

The judicial branch ensures that laws are applied fairly by interpreting them in specific cases and ensuring proper procedures are followed in trials.

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Virginia Plan

Proposed a bicameral legislature with representation based on population, giving states with larger populations more power.

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New Jersey Plan

Suggested a unicameral legislature with each state having equal representation, regardless of population.

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Great Compromise

Solved the debate about state representation by creating a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate with equal representation for each state.

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3/5ths Compromise

Decided that enslaved people would be counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of taxation and representation in the House of Representatives to satisfy Southern states.

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Government Branches

The United States government has three branches: Legislative (makes laws), Executive (enforces laws), and Judicial (interprets laws).

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Proposing an Amendment

An amendment can be proposed either by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress or by a national convention called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures.

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Ratifying an Amendment

An amendment is ratified by three-fourths of the states, either through their legislatures or special conventions.

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Why are there so few Amendments?

The amendment process purposefully makes changing the Constitution difficult, requiring significant agreement across both the federal government and the states.

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The Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee fundamental rights to U.S. citizens.

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27th Amendment's Ratification

The 27th Amendment, one of the original twelve proposed, wasn't ratified until 1992, showing how long the process can take.

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Special State Conventions

Instead of state legislatures, special conventions are used to ratify an amendment. This method was only used once for the 21st Amendment.

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The 21st Amendment's Impact

This amendment repealed the 18th Amendment's prohibition of alcohol, highlighting the flexibility present within the Constitution.

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Federalists

A group who supported a strong central government and a loose interpretation of the Constitution.

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Anti-Federalists

A group that favored limited federal power and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

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Bill of Rights

A set of amendments to the US Constitution guaranteeing individual rights and freedoms.

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Hamilton's Financial System

A plan to stabilize the nation's economy through national debt repayment, a national bank, and tariffs.

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Strict Interpretation

Reading the Constitution literally and focusing on its original meaning.

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Federalist Argument 1

The US Constitution grants the federal government too much power, risking the domination of states.

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Anti-Federalist Argument 1

The US Constitution grants the federal government too much power, risking the domination of states.

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Federalist Argument 2

The states are vital components of the federal government, preventing its dominance.

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Anti-Federalist Argument 2

The states are vital components of the federal government, preventing its dominance.

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Federalist Argument 8

A strong President is essential for national defense and law enforcement.

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Anti-Federalist Argument 8

A strong President could become a monarch or tyrant, encroaching on individual liberties.

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Anti-Federalist Argument 9

The Supreme Court's power rests on the lack of accountability to the people, causing concerns about unchecked authority.

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Anti-Federalist Argument 13

A large nation cannot be effectively governed by a central authority, leaving the people disconnected and powerless.

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