US History: Early Republic Quiz

Strict/Loose Construction

• Strict constructionists, primarily Democratic-Republicans, insisted on adhering closely to the Constitution, opposing actions not explicitly mentioned in it.
• Loose constructionists, mainly Federalists, interpreted the Elastic Clause to justify a broader scope of government powers to foster national development.

Protective Tariff

• A protective tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods to shield domestic industries from foreign competition.

Whiskey Rebellion

• Occurred in 1794 when Pennsylvania farmers revolted against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, leading to violence and federal officer casualties.
• President Washington led the military response, demonstrating the federal government's ability to maintain order, contrasting with the Articles of Confederation's ineffectiveness during Shay's Rebellion.

Washington's Farewell Address

• Advised against entanglement in European affairs and permanent alliances.
• Warned against forming political parties and encouraged unity, discouraging sectional divisions within the nation.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

• U.S. Army victory over Native American forces commanded by Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket.
• Marked the end of Native American resistance to U.S. expansion north of the Ohio River.

Impressment

• The British naval practice of seizing American sailors from ships, forcing them into service, which contributed to tensions leading to the War of 1812.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

• In 1807, a British warship attacked the American ship USS Chesapeake off Virginia's coast, killing American crew members and inflaming anti-British sentiments in the U.S.

Citizen Genet

• Edmond Genet’s actions polarized American politics by forming the American Foreign Legion, which aimed to attack Spanish territories in the South.

Jay's Treaty

• A 1794 treaty between the U.S. and Britain aimed at improving trade relations; included Britain's agreement to withdraw from Northwest forts.

Pinckney's Treaty

• An agreement with Spain that revised Florida's borders and facilitated American navigation and trade through the port of New Orleans.

XYZ Affair

• A diplomatic incident in 1797 where French officials, designated "X," "Y," and "Z," demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats, escalating tensions between the two nations.

Quasi-War

• An undeclared naval conflict between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800, sparked by French aggression against American shipping.

John Adams

• Served as America's first Vice-President and second President; a prominent advocate for independence and supporter of press freedoms in Massachusetts.

Democratic-Republicans

• Emerged as the main opposition to the Federalists, led by Thomas Jefferson, advocating for agrarian interests and favoring a weaker central government.

Executive Order 6088

• [Definition not provided; ensure to fill in the details if available.]