US History: Jefferson and Early 19th Century
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the significance of the Marbury v. Madison case?

  • It resolved a dispute over the appointment of a Justice of the Peace, but had little impact on the balance of power in the government.
  • It led to a significant expansion of the powers of the executive branch at the expense of the judiciary.
  • It solidified the Federalist party's dominance in the government by upholding the legitimacy of their appointments.
  • It established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional. (correct)
  • What was the main purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

  • To prevent European colonization in the Americas. (correct)
  • To expand American territory into Central and South America.
  • To establish a strong alliance between the United States and Great Britain.
  • To promote free trade between the United States and European nations.
  • In the 1808 election, which candidate carried the Southern states?

  • James Madison (correct)
  • DeWitt Clinton
  • George Clinton
  • Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
  • Who was Thomas Jefferson's running mate in the 1804 election?

    <p>George Clinton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the War of 1812?

    <p>The decline of the Federalist Party and the rise of the Democratic-Republicans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these economic policies was NOT a part of the American System?

    <p>Subsidies for farmers to encourage agricultural production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which election did Andrew Jackson win the majority of the popular vote but not the presidency?

    <p>1824 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the US Constitution, what happens when no candidate receives the required number of electoral votes for the presidency?

    <p>The House of Representatives chooses the winner. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Missouri Compromise aimed to resolve what major issue facing the young nation?

    <p>The expansion of slavery into new territories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the alleged 'corrupt bargain' in the 1824 election?

    <p>John Quincy Adams promised to appoint Henry Clay as his Secretary of State in exchange for his support. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Election of 1804

    Thomas Jefferson won against Charles Cotesworth Pinckney with 162-14 electoral votes.

    James Madison's Elections

    Madison won elections in 1808 and 1812, showing strong southern support.

    Corrupt Bargain of 1824

    Andrew Jackson had majority votes, but John Quincy Adams was elected after a House decision.

    Election of 1816

    James Monroe won with 183 electoral votes against Rufus King's 34.

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    Thomas Jefferson's Vice President

    George Clinton served as Thomas Jefferson's vice president in his elections.

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    Marbury v. Madison

    A landmark Supreme Court case establishing judicial review.

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    Louisiana Purchase

    Acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million.

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    War of 1812

    Conflict between the US and the UK showcasing American independence.

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    Missouri Compromise

    An agreement that balanced free and slave states but didn't resolve slavery issues.

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    Monroe Doctrine

    A policy aimed at preventing European colonization in the Americas.

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    Study Notes

    Jefferson Presidency

    • Marbury v. Madison: A legal conflict stemming from "midnight appointments" led to the principle of Judicial Review, where the Supreme Court can deem laws unconstitutional.

    • Louisiana Purchase: Acquired from France for $15 million, a bargain for the vast territory.

    Unity and Sectionalism

    • Expansion of Federal Government Powers (War of 1812): The war demonstrated the US's strength and ability to act independently. Andrew Jackson played a role in the conflict.

    • End of Federalist Party: Though some Federalist ideas continued, there was a shift away from their name and party structure.

    • The American System (Henry Clay): Aimed to stabilize the US currency and facilitate trade through infrastructure projects.

    • Second Bank of the US: Created to stabilize the national currency (important after the War of 1812 instability).

    • Tariffs: Used to generate revenue.

    • Building Infrastructure: Roads, bridges, and canals built to foster internal trade.

    • Sectionalism: Regional divides emerged between the North (industry/trade) and South (agriculture/slavery).

    Missouri Compromise

    • Slavery as the Central Issue: The Missouri Compromise struggled to resolve the disagreements about slavery's expansion.

    • Henry Clay's Involvement: Clay played a key role in crafting the compromise.

    • Unsatisfactory Solution: The Missouri Compromise was not a complete resolution to slavery issues.

    • Statehood Outcomes: Missouri became a slave state, Maine a free state, and slavery was prohibited above the 36°30' latitude line in the Louisiana Purchase territory.

    Monroe Doctrine

    • Purpose: To prevent European interference in the Americas.

    • Europe's Role: European nations were to stay out of the Americas, and the US would not interfere in European affairs.

    Elections

    • 1804 Election: Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) won overwhelmingly against Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (Federalist)

    • 1808 Election: James Madison (Democratic-Republican) won against Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (Federalist)

    • 1812 Election: James Madison (Democratic-Republican) won against DeWitt Clinton (Federalist).

    • 1816 Election: James Monroe (Democratic-Republican) won decisively against Rufus King (Federalist).

    • 1824 Election ("Corrupt Bargain"): Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but no candidate achieved a majority in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives selected John Quincy Adams, apparently in a deal with Henry Clay, leading to accusations of corruption.

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    Description

    Explore the pivotal events during Jefferson's presidency and the emergence of unity and sectionalism in early 19th century America. This quiz covers key topics such as Marbury v. Madison, the Louisiana Purchase, and the American System, highlighting their significance in shaping US governance and society.

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