US History Chapters 18 & 19

Chapter 18: Robber Barons & Rise of Industry

• Andrew Carnegie, a prominent industrialist, was associated with the steel industry and often symbolized the wealthy industrialists called "robber barons."
• Social Darwinism, a concept of "survival of the fittest," was used to justify the practices of large corporations and businesses.
• John D. Rockefeller controlled the oil industry through the Standard Oil Trust.
• Labor unions emerged during this period, including the AFL (American Federation of Labor) which represented skilled workers, and the Knights of Labor, which sought to unite all workers.
• The Haymarket Affair involved a violent labor protest.

Chapter 19: Urbanization & Immigration

• Rapid urban growth led to challenging living conditions in cities.
• Jacob Riis's "How the Other Half Lives" documented the poverty and slums of urban areas.
• Settlement houses, like those run by Jane Addams, provided support for poor urban communities.
• Immigration during this time included both "Old" (European) and "New" (Asian and South American) immigrants.
• The Great Migration saw African Americans relocating to Northern cities.

Chapter 20: Gilded Age & Populism

• The Gilded Age highlighted the stark contrast between the wealth of some and the poverty of many.
• The Populist Party brought together farmers and workers to address their shared concerns.
• The Pullman Strike showcased conflicts between workers and railroad companies.

Chapter 21: Progressivism & Reform

• Progressivism focused on reforming corrupt politics and improving society.
• Muckrakers, investigative journalists, exposed societal problems and government corruption.
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire led to significant reforms in worker safety regulations.
• The struggle for women's suffrage involved the fight for the right to vote.
• Jim Crow Laws enforced racial segregation.
• The NAACP advocated for civil rights for Black Americans.
• Theodore Roosevelt, a trust-buster and conservationist, played a key role in shaping progressive policies.

Chapter 22: American Imperialism

• American Imperialism aimed to extend U.S. power and influence.
• The Spanish-American War resulted in increased U.S. global influence.
• Yellow journalism emphasized sensationalism in news reporting.
• The Panama Canal connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, crucial for trade and military presence.
• The Roosevelt Corollary asserted U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere.

Chapter 23: World War I

• The sinking of the Lusitania contributed to the U.S. entry into World War I.
• The Espionage Act limited freedom of speech during wartime.
• The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote.
• Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points outlined a plan for post-war peace.
• The U.S. ultimately did not join the League of Nations.

Chapter 24: Roaring Twenties

• Henry Ford's assembly line production made automobiles more affordable.
• The Roaring Twenties saw a rise in consumerism with cars, radios, and movies becoming popular.
• Nativism, an anti-immigrant sentiment, emerged as a key social trend.
• The Harlem Renaissance was a significant cultural movement for African Americans.

Chapter 25: Great Depression

• The stock market crash of 1929 triggered the Great Depression.
• Hoovervilles were makeshift shantytowns for the impoverished.
• The Dust Bowl, a severe drought and dust storms in the Midwest, worsened agricultural hardships and contributed to poverty.

Chapter 26: New Deal

• Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs aimed to address the Great Depression.
• The FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) protected bank deposits.
• The WPA (Works Progress Administration) created employment opportunities.
• Social Security provided benefits to retired individuals and the unemployed.

Chapter 27: World War II

• The attack on Pearl Harbor prompted the U.S. entry into World War II.
• Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps during the war.
• Women, like "Rosie the Riveter", played a crucial role in the war effort by taking on industrial jobs.
• The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ended the war in the Pacific.

Chapter 28: Post-War Era

• The GI Bill provided benefits to returning veterans.
• The Cold War pitted the U.S. against the Soviet Union.
• Containment policies aimed to prevent the spread of communism.
• The Civil Rights Movement gained momentum, marked by key court cases like Brown v. Board of Education and events like the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Rosa Parks.

Chapter 29: 1960s & Civil Rights

• John F. Kennedy faced the Cuban Missile Crisis during his presidency.
• The Civil Rights Act abolished segregation.
• Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were prominent leaders in the Civil Rights Movement.
• The Vietnam War escalated significantly during this decade and involved increasing U.S. involvement.

Chapter 30: 1970s & Beyond

• The counterculture movement expressed rebellion and social change, symbolized by events like Woodstock.
• The Stonewall Riots marked a turning point in the struggle for LGBTQ rights.
• Roe v. Wade established the right to abortion.
• Richard Nixon's presidency was tarnished by the Watergate scandal.
• The OPEC oil crisis caused significant economic disruption.

Chapter 31: Late 20th Century

• Reaganomics emphasized tax cuts for the wealthy.
• The AIDS crisis posed a major public health challenge.
• The September 11th terrorist attacks significantly altered U.S. foreign policy and national security.

Explore the transformative era of industrialization and urbanization in U.S. history through Chapters 18 and 19. Learn about influential figures like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, as well as the impact of labor unions and immigration on society. This quiz will test your knowledge on key events and concepts from these pivotal chapters.