U.S. History Chapter 19 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Electorate' refer to?

A political party's supporters.

The ability of a body of people to vote. (correct)

The administrative service of a government.

An organization of like-minded individuals.

What does 'Partisanship' mean?

An electoral system.

A method of voting.

Belonging to a party or faction. (correct)

A political debate.

What are 'Spoils and Patronage'?

A way to reward supporters with government jobs. (correct)

A system of checks and balances.

A type of legislation.

Funds allocated for public welfare.

What are factions?

Groups in a government that are self-seeking and contentious. Signup and view all the answers

What is Civil Service?

The administrative service of a government exclusive of the armed forces. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Mugwumps?

A group of disgruntled 'liberal Republicans.' Signup and view all the answers

What did Reverend Dr. Samuel Burchard say about the Mugwumps?

'Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion.' Signup and view all the answers

What are Protective Tariffs?

A tariff levied on imports to protect the domestic economy. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Grangers?

People who wanted to bring farmers to learn new scientific agricultural techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Commerce Clause'?

The provision of the U.S. Constitution that gives Congress exclusive power over trade activities. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Half-Breeds?

A political faction of the Republican Party favoring civil service reform. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Stalwarts?

The other faction of the Republican Party favoring political machines. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Roscoe Conkling?

The leader of the Stalwarts of New York. Signup and view all the answers

Who was James G. Blaine?

The leader of the Half-Breeds of Maine. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Rutherford B. Hayes?

The president from 1877 to 1881 who tried to mediate between factions. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to James A. Garfield?

He was shot twice and died after four months. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Chester A. Arthur?

The nominee for vice president and a Stalwart from New York. Signup and view all the answers

Who was General Winfield Scott Hancock?

The Democratic nominee for president and a Civil War commander. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Carl Schurz?

A senator from Missouri and a Union Army General in the Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of George William Curtis & Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly?

Curtis wrote essays and Nast was the cartoonist for the magazine. Signup and view all the answers

Who was E. L. Godkin?

A liberal who helped establish the magazine The Nation. Signup and view all the answers

What was Grover Cleveland known for?

He was known as the 'veto governor' for his willingness to reject legislation. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benjamin Harrison?

A nominee for President for the Republicans, considered an obscure candidate. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Civil War Pension System?

A system where the government gave annual pensions to Union Civil War veterans. Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Election of 1880?

It was between James A. Garfield and General Winfield Scott Hancock. Signup and view all the answers

What led to Garfield's Assassination in 1881?

He was shot by a man who wanted Chester A. Arthur to be president. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Pendleton Act of 1883 require?

That some federal jobs be filled by competitive written examinations. Signup and view all the answers

Which two candidates were in the Election of 1884?

Senator James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

Electorate: Refers to the body of people eligible to vote in elections.
Partisanship: Indicates strong allegiance to a political party or faction.
Spoils and Patronage: Political practice where parties provide government jobs to supporters post-election to secure loyalty.
Factions: Groups within a government pursuing self-interest, often leading to contention.
Civil Service: Refers to government administrative positions excluding military roles.
Mugwumps: A faction of discontented "liberal Republicans."
"Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion": Phrase coined by Reverend Dr. Samuel Burchard, used derogatorily against Mugwumps during a Republican meeting.
Protective Tariffs: Tariffs on imports designed to shield domestic industries rather than generate revenue.
Grangers: Individuals promoting the education of farmers on advanced agricultural practices.
Commerce Clause: Constitutional provision granting Congress exclusive authority over interstate and foreign trade.

Political Factions and Leaders

Half-Breeds: Republican faction advocating for civil service reform and merit-based hiring.
Stalwarts: Republican faction supporting political machines and the spoils system.
Roscoe Conkling: Leader of the New York Stalwarts known for political patronage.
James G. Blaine: Leader of the Half-Breeds from Maine, prominent in reform.
Rutherford B. Hayes: President (1877-1881) who attempted to mediate between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds but exacerbated tensions.
James A. Garfield: Half-Breed presidential nominee, shot in 1881 shortly after taking office.
Chester A. Arthur: Stalwart vice-presidential nominee, friend of Conkling, implicated in Garfield's assassination scenario.
General Winfield Scott Hancock: Democratic presidential nominee and Civil War commander.
Carl Schurz: Senator from Missouri and Union Army General advocating for reform.

Publications and Political Mayhem

George William Curtis & Thomas Nast - Harper's Weekly: Political magazine featuring influential editorials and cartography by Nast.
E.L. Godkin - The Nation: Established by liberal journalist Godkin, focusing on social issues.
Grover Cleveland: Known as the "veto governor" for his rigorous use of veto power while serving as governor.
Benjamin Harrison: Republican presidential nominee considered a modest yet respectable candidate.

Notable Systems and Events

Civil War Pension System: Government program providing annual pensions to Union veterans.
Election of 1880: Contest between Garfield and Hancock, resulting in Garfield's victory due to a compromise between factions.
Garfield's Assassination (1881): Garfield shot by a man hoping to elevate Arthur, reflecting factional tensions.
Pendleton Act (1883): Established competitive examinations for federal job appointments, countering patronage practices.
Election of 1884: Featured James G. Blaine (Republican) against Grover Cleveland (Democrat); marked by contentious issues.

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Test your knowledge of key terms from U.S. History Chapter 19 with this flashcard quiz. Explore important concepts such as electorate, partisanship, and political faction dynamics. Enhance your understanding of the political landscape during this pivotal era in American history.