US History Chapter 15 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What was Bull Run?

A city in Virginia

A battle near a stream called Bull Run (correct)

A type of military strategy

A picnic organized by soldiers

What significant event occurred at Antietam?

McClellan attacked Lee's army and forced them to retreat.

What does 'Total War' mean?

War on all aspects of the enemy's life.

Who were the Radical Republicans?

A group that opposed Lincoln's view of the war. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Gettysburg?

Union troops battled Confederates; Lee retreated afterwards. Signup and view all the answers

Who was George McClellan?

Union general who led the Army of the Potomac. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ft. Sumter known for?

It marked the start of the Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Copperheads?

Democrats who wanted to end the war. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Robert E. Lee?

Commander of the Confederate Army. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jefferson Davis?

The President of the Confederate States. Signup and view all the answers

What is martial law?

Military rule with suspended civil rights. Signup and view all the answers

What is the U.S. Sanitary Commission?

A relief organization for Union soldiers. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Chancellorsville?

Lee defeated General Joe Hooker. Signup and view all the answers

What are Green Backs?

U.S. paper money issued during the Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Andrew Johnson?

Vice President under Lincoln. Signup and view all the answers

What is conscription?

Compulsory enlistment for military service. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Clara Barton?

Founded the American Red Cross. Signup and view all the answers

Who is John Wilkes Booth?

He killed Lincoln. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Farragut?

Commander of the Union Navy. Signup and view all the answers

What is habeas corpus?

A writ ensuring a person's right to be brought before a judge. Signup and view all the answers

Who is General Sherman?

Northern general who marched through the South. Signup and view all the answers

What is Appomattox known for?

Site of Confederate surrender. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Union Party?

A temporary name for the Republican party during the 1864 election. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of San Francisco during the Civil War?

Feared attack and increased defense spending. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Vicksburg?

Grant laid siege and the city surrendered on July 4, 1863. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Union want to capture Richmond, VA?

It was the Confederate capital. Signup and view all the answers

What occurred during the Battle of New Orleans?

Farragut led ships into the port which surrendered without a shot. Signup and view all the answers

List three consequences of the attack on Fort Sumter.

Stirred nationalism in the North, caused more states to secede, riots in Baltimore. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Lincoln's announcement to free the slaves in the Confederacy. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation at that time?

Due to Union troop actions and pressure to act against slavery. Signup and view all the answers

What made the Battle of Gettysburg significant?

Lee's retreat after significant Confederate losses. Signup and view all the answers

What were the different strategies of the North and South?

North focused on capturing the Mississippi and blockading ports; South relied on strong army tactics. Signup and view all the answers

What led Lincoln to change his war goals to include freeing enslaved persons?

Pressure from abolitionists and the realization no European government would support the South. Signup and view all the answers

What contributions did African-Americans make to the war effort?

Drafted and enlisted into both Union and Confederate armies. Signup and view all the answers

How did women support the war effort?

Worked in factories, as clerks, and tended to soldiers. Signup and view all the answers

What were the advantages of the North and South?

North had superior resources and strategy; South had better military tradition. Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did Grant adopt to defeat the Confederacy?

Advancing in a war of attrition, attacking Lee despite losses. Signup and view all the answers

What tactics were used by Union generals Sheridan and Sherman?

Sherman used foraging tactics and caused widespread destruction. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Jonathan King?

A reference with no specific historical significance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Battles and Military Strategies

Bull Run: First major battle; demonstrated initial overconfidence as spectators treated it like a picnic. Technology favored the South through effective troop mobilization.
Antietam: Significant battle in 1862 where Union General McClellan forced Confederate General Lee to retreat, marking the bloodiest single-day battle in American history.
Gettysburg: Turning point in the war during July 1863; more than 51,000 casualties. Lee's retreat marked the decline of Confederate momentum.
Vicksburg: Grant's siege in 1863 resulted in the Union gaining control of the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy.
Chancellorsville: Lee's tactical victory with outnumbered forces against General Hooker; showcases Lee's strategic acumen.
Appomattox: Site of Robert E. Lee’s surrender to Ulysses S. Grant, effectively marking the end of the Civil War.

Military Leaders

George McClellan: Organized the Army of the Potomac after Bull Run; criticized for hesitance in engaging Confederate forces.
Robert E. Lee: Commander of the Confederate army, known for his leadership and tactical skills.
Ulysses S. Grant: Union general noted for his aggressive strategies and successful siege tactics.
Clara Barton: Pioneering nurse who founded the American Red Cross; worked on identifying war casualties.

Radical Republicans: Group opposing Lincoln’s strategies, insisting on the war's focus on ending slavery.
Copperheads: Northern Democrats advocating for peace, even at the cost of allowing slavery to continue.
Habeas Corpus: Legal principle that was suspended during the war, allowing for arrests without trial.
Union Party: Temporary name change for the Republican Party to unify war supporters during Lincoln's re-election campaign.

Total War: Military strategy aimed at destroying the enemy's will and ability to fight by targeting civilian infrastructure.
Greenbacks: Paper money issued by the North during the war, aimed at financing military efforts.
Conscription: Mandatory enlistment practices employed by both North and South to bolster troop numbers.
U.S. Sanitary Commission: Relief organization focused on improving conditions for Union soldiers, highlighting the war's humanitarian aspects.

Emancipation and Civil Rights

Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln's 1862 announcement freeing slaves in Confederate states, framing the war as a fight against slavery.
Reactions to Proclamation: Shift in Union objectives to include abolition due to pressures from abolitionists and Radical Republicans.

Contributions of Minorities

African-American Soldiers: Approximately 200,000 served in the Union Army; significant contributions made despite barriers in the Confederacy.
Women’s Roles: Women took on agricultural and industrial roles, becoming critical supporters of war efforts behind the lines, including nursing and logistics.

Strategic Advantages

North's Advantages: Larger population, superior industrial resources, and cohesive military strategy aimed at crippling the South.
South's Advantages: Strong military tradition and the initial ability to leverage European support for resources.

Military Tactics and Operations

Grant’s Strategy: Adopted a relentless approach, focusing on attrition and maintaining troop levels to outlast the Confederacy.
Sherman's March: Tactic of "foraging" which devastated Southern resources and morale; aimed to demoralize and weaken opposition.

Notable Events

Fort Sumter: Marked the Civil War's beginning; Confederate attack on the fort led to escalated conflict and Northern enlistment calls.
San Francisco: Key location for Union defenses against potential Confederate attack, illustrating the war's national reach.

Personalities in History

Andrew Johnson: Lincoln's vice president who assumed the presidency after Lincoln’s assassination, influencing post-war Reconstruction policies.
John Wilkes Booth: Infamous Confederate sympathizer who assassinated Lincoln, impacting the nation’s post-war direction.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key events from Chapter 15 of US History. This quiz covers significant battles, including Bull Run and Antietam, and provides definitions and insights into their historical context. Perfect for reviewing important concepts and terms before your next exam.