US History Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the Great Plains?

The grasslands in the west-central portion of the US where the Native Americans lived.

What did the Treaty of Fort Laramie involve?

The Sioux agreed to live on a reservation, but Sitting Bull never signed it.

What does assimilation mean?

To give up one's beliefs and culture to become part of another culture.

What was the Dawes Act?

It broke up reservations and gave some land to Native American families for farming. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at the Battle of Wounded Knee?

The Army massacred 300 unarmed Sioux in South Dakota. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Homestead Act offer?

160 acres of free land to anyone who would farm it for 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the exodusters?

Several thousand African American settlers who moved from the South to the West (Kansas). Signup and view all the answers

What did the Morrill Act establish?

Agricultural colleges and experiment stations on the Great Plains. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Grange?

An organization that fought for farmers' rights. Signup and view all the answers

What is populism?

A movement to gain more political and economic power for farmers and laborers. Signup and view all the answers

Who was William McKinley?

The Republican candidate that won the election that ended Populism. Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Jennings Bryan?

Presidential candidate nominated by Democrats who favored bimetallism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard?

Backing dollars with only gold to keep prices from rising. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sand Creek Massacre?

US army's killing of about 150 Cheyenne elderly, women, and children at the Sand Creek Reservation in Colorado territory. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sitting Bull?

Leader of the Sioux who defeated and killed George Custer and his troops at Little Bighorn River. Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Custer?

United States military leader who was defeated by the Lakota in the Battle of Big Horn in 1876. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ghost Dance?

A ritual performed by the Sioux to bring back the buffalo and return Native American tribes to their land. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Chisholm Trail?

The major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas, to Kansas where they were shipped by rail to Chicago. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Central Pacific?

One of the two railroad companies that built the Transcontinental Railroad, starting in Sacramento, California, and going East. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Union Pacific?

The railroad company that began building the transcontinental railroad from its eastern starting point in Omaha, Nebraska. Signup and view all the answers

What is Yellowstone National Park?

The oldest national park in the world; has more geysers and hot springs than any other area in the world. Signup and view all the answers

What are bonanza farms?

Large-scale farms often over 50,000 acres, where farmers set up companies to operate. Signup and view all the answers

What are greenbacks?

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Oliver Hudson Kelley?

Farmer who founded the Grange. Signup and view all the answers

What are Farmers Alliances?

Groups of farm organizations that included teachers, preachers, and businessmen. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Great Plains

Grasslands in the west-central US, historically inhabited by Native Americans.

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Agreement whereby the Sioux consented to live on a reservation; Sitting Bull never signed it.

Assimilation

The process of abandoning one’s beliefs and culture to integrate into another culture.

Dawes Act

Legislation that dismantled reservations, allotting parcels of land to Native American families for agricultural use.

Battle of Wounded Knee

Tragic event in South Dakota where the US Army killed approximately 300 unarmed Sioux individuals.

Homestead Act

Legislation offering 160 acres of free land to anyone willing to cultivate it for five years.

Exoduster

Term for African American settlers who migrated from the South to Kansas.

Morrill Act

Law that established agricultural colleges and experiment stations primarily on the Great Plains.

Grange

An organization dedicated to advocating for farmers' rights.

Populism

A political and economic movement aimed at increasing power for farmers and laborers.

William McKinley

Republican candidate who won the election that marked the decline of the Populism movement.

William Jennings Bryan

Democratic presidential candidate advocating for bimetallism, also endorsed by Populist Party.

Gold Standard

Economic policy of backing currency solely with gold, preferred by Republicans (referred to as "goldbugs").

Sand Creek Massacre

Mass killing of around 150 Cheyenne, including women and children, by the US Army at Sand Creek Reservation, Colorado.

Sitting Bull

Sioux leader known for leading the defeat of George Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.

George Custer

US military leader famously defeated in 1876 by Lakota forces at the Battle of Big Horn.

Ghost Dance

Ritual performed by the Sioux intended to restore buffalo populations and return Native American tribes to their ancestral lands.

Chisholm Trail

Principal cattle route connecting San Antonio, Texas, to Kansas for rail transport to Chicago.

Central Pacific

One of the two companies constructing the Transcontinental Railroad, starting in Sacramento, California.

Union Pacific

Railroad company that initiated construction of the Transcontinental Railroad from Omaha, Nebraska.

Yellowstone National Park

Recognized as the first national park globally, renowned for its geysers and hot springs.

Bonanza Farms

Large farms exceeding 50,000 acres, established as agricultural enterprises.

Greenbacks

Non-gold or silver backed paper currency issued by the Union during the Civil War.

Oliver Hudson Kelley

Founder of the Grange, advocating for the rights and interests of farmers.

Farmers Alliances

Collective groups comprising farmers, teachers, preachers, and businesspeople to address agrarian issues.

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Description

Test your knowledge of US History with these flashcards focused on Chapter 13. This chapter covers crucial terms such as the Great Plains, the Treaty of Fort Laramie, and the Dawes Act, along with their definitions. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of Native American history and land treaties in the United States.