Native American Relations and Early US Ideals
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary aim of Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'?

  • Encouraging loyalty to the British crown
  • Advocating for a monarchy
  • Promoting the idea of independence (correct)
  • Establishing a national religion

    • What characterized the period from the 1600s to the 1970s regarding Native American relations with the US?

  • Romantic mystification
  • General political resistance and emancipation
  • Colonization and forced assimilation (correct)
  • Cultural revival and recognition

    • What principle did the Declaration of Independence emphasize regarding rights?

  • Rights are conditional upon citizenship
  • Rights are granted by the government
  • Rights must be earned through service
  • Rights are unalienable and endowed by the Creator (correct)

    • What was a significant cultural adaptation for some Native American groups after contact with Europeans?

    <p>Adopting horses for a nomadic lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT accurately reflect the diversity among Native American tribes?

    <p>All tribes practiced agriculture exclusively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document aimed to provide religious freedom in Virginia?

    <p>Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of William Penn's policies in his dealings with Native Americans?

    <p>Prohibition of alcohol sales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the main author of the Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom?

    <p>Thomas Jefferson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the battle over religion in Virginia?

    <p>Approval of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception about Native Americans was propagated by Puritan New England sentiment?

    <p>They were primitive and lacked civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurred as a result of misunderstanding Native American cultures during early colonial efforts?

    <p>King Philip's War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did James Madison argue regarding religion in his Memorial and Remonstrance?

    <p>Religion is a personal affair according to reason and conviction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed a Bill Establishing a Provision for Teachers of the Christian Religion?

    <p>Patrick Henry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was an aim of the Indian Intercourse Acts established in the 1790s?

    <p>To regulate trade and interactions between settlers and Native Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts was NOT part of Thomas Jefferson's Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom?

    <p>Compulsion to support any religious ministry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception did Thomas Thorowgood's work propagate regarding Native Americans?

    <p>Natives were descendants of the lost tribes of Israel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law did Mississippi pass in 1926 regarding evolution?

    <p>A law against teaching human evolution from lower animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event prompted the passage of the National Defense Education Act in 1958?

    <p>The launch of Sputnik by the USSR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the Supreme Court's decision in 1948 and 1962?

    <p>Classroom religious instruction was declared unconstitutional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did creationists adopt after anti-evolution laws were defeated in state legislatures?

    <p>Targeting local school boards for influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case involved Susan Epperson challenging an anti-evolution law?

    <p>Epperson v. Arkansas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which song is often considered a replacement for the national anthem in recent times?

    <p>God Bless America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event did Martin Luther King Jr. lead in August 1963?

    <p>March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is election day held in the United States?

    <p>Tuesday following the first Monday in November</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the oaths taken at United States presidential inaugurations?

    <p>Must include a Bible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual was involved in the conduct of inaugural prayers from Truman to Obama?

    <p>Billy Graham</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of civil religion primarily reflect in America?

    <p>A Christian-Jewish God perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of Muslims in the United States as of 2017?

    <p>0.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Jean-Jacques Rousseau associate with civil religion?

    <p>A common belief in society with a punishing god</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which work is emblematic of Emile Durkheim's views on religion?

    <p>Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which significant change occurred in the immigration of Muslims to the United States since 1965?

    <p>Large influx of immigrants from various countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analysis did Robert N. Bellah base his concept of civil religion on?

    <p>J.F. Kennedy's inaugural speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major criticism is levied against the concept of civil religion?

    <p>It is considered a mere theoretical concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did George Washington become acknowledged as 'pater patriae'?

    <p>1778</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant act is associated with the naming of the federal capital as Washington D.C.?

    <p>The founding of the federal district in 1791</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bellah argue about civil religion in regards to its relationship with traditional religion?

    <p>It is pan-denominational and not strictly Christian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is civil religion often perceived in terms of its clarity and applicability?

    <p>It is criticized for being a fuzzy and ambiguous concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Supreme Court decision in Obergefell vs. Hodges in 2015?

    <p>It recognized the rights of same-sex couples to marry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission in 2018?

    <p>It provided religious exemptions from discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event led to more than 500,000 complaints and a change in media broadcasting practices in 2004?

    <p>The performance of Janet Jackson at the Super Bowl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conflict arose in 2006 involving public breastfeeding?

    <p>A legal case against Delta Airlines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Johann Joachim Winckelmann associate with nudity in Greek art?

    <p>Nudity as the highest expression of beauty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Immanuel Kant describe as the 'naked truth'?

    <p>The unfiltered communication free from disguise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change regarding nudity was upheld by the US Supreme Court in January 2019?

    <p>The continuation of the ban on transgender individuals in the military.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Motion Picture Production Code (Hays Code) primarily regulate?

    <p>The depiction of sexuality and nudity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Religion and Politics in the United States 1600-2024

    • One Nation under God – the American Way of Life:

      • God bless America, by Russian and Jewish immigrants living in Berlin 1918/1938, as a common greeting
      • "Let us swear allegiance to a land that's free" embodies a common sentiment
      • Pledge of Allegiance (Francis Bellamy, 1892): expressing loyalty to the flag and the republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible with liberty and justice for all

    • Today's Challenges:

      • Trump and Pence as guardians of Christian values in their presidency
      • Trump's abstinence (from alcohol)

    • Replacing three supreme court judges & dozens of federal judges

      • Courting and financial support of Evangelical ministries
      • QAnon conspiracy theory & culture wars
      • Trump's role as world savior for Christians
      • MAGA Bible / God Bless America Bible

    • Politics and Religion definitions:

      • Politics is the pursuit of power or influence over the distribution of power (Max Weber)
      • Politics as a means to establish peace and social consensus (Rousseau, Thomas Meyer)
      • Politics as a process of regulating social conflicts peacefully (Ralf Dahrendorf)
      • Relational perspective: Reciprocity of politics and religion
      • No essentialization (e.g., political religions)
      • Power dependencies of both segments
      • Understanding how politics becomes religious
      • Identifying how religion becomes political

    • Religious ignorance in social sciences/history of religion:

      • Large ignorance towards the American Way
      • Assumption of the overall validity of the model of the separation of church and state by French Revolution and French & Scottishphilosophers

    • Spanish and Catholic colonization:

      • 1535 establishment of the vice-kingdom of New Spain (virreinato Nueva España)
      • 1513 landfall on Florida coast by Juan Ponce de León
      • 1565 founding of San Augustin in Northern Florida by Menéndez de Avilés
      • 1738 attraction of Caribian Africans from British rule

    • Spanish Religious Rule & expansion of slavery

      • 16th to 19th century: sparse population, no economic interests, Jesuit and later Dominican & Franciscan mission; genocide of native Californians
      • Mexican-American War (1848)

    • Spanish & Catholic Colonization in Texas:

      • 1718 foundation of San Antonio in Texas
      • Catholic missions in 18th century lead to conversion of most native tribes in Texas
      • 1821 part of the new republic of Mexico,
      • 1845 part of the US,

    • Exploration of Louisiana and colonization

      • 1682 exploration of the Mississippi river and foundation of Louisiana
      • Colonization lead to expansion of slavery
      • Conflict between Spain, Britain, and France for possession of the area
      • Louisiana given to France
      • Purchase by US (1803)

    • Colonial Utopias and the first English settlement in Virginia (1607-1776)

      • 1607: first permanent English settlement established
      • religious control and care not the 17th century as a priority
      • Church of England established

    • Religious makeup of the 118th US Congress:

      • Protestant makeup (56.9%, 247 members)
      • Catholic makeup (28.1%, 122 members)

    • Culture wars at schools:

      • 25 Conservative states passed laws reshaping what students can learn and do in schools
      • History classes are a specific target, rejecting teachings of critical race theory
      • Restrictions on what students can learn, read, and do
      • Establishment of library lists of books, allowing parental objections

    • Christian Nationalism:

      • The Federal Government is a behemoth weaponized against American citizens and conservative values
      • Conservative values, marriage, and children are essential
      • Religious devotion and spirituality
      • Founding of The Heritage Foundation

    • Spanish Colonies:

      • 1738 attraction of Caribian Africans from British rule for freedom (legal slavery was prohibited under Catholic rule)
      • After British intermezzo (1763-1783) the Spanish Crown ruled again until 1821; a haven for runaway slaves.
      • 1821 incorporated to the US

    • Spanish and French Colonies

      • Establishment of the vice-kingdom of New Spain (virreinato Nueva España)
      • 1513 landfall on Florida coast by Juan Ponce de León,
      • 1565 founding of San Augustin in Northern Florida by Menéndez de Avilés

    • Spanish and Catholic Colonization:

      • 1718 foundation of San Antonio in Texas -Catholic Missions in 18th century
      • 1821 part of the republic of Mexico
      • 1845 became part of the United States

    • Puritan New England and Wilderness:

      • Considered the place where the creatures of Satan dwelled
      • Obligation to transform it into a well-ordered heavenly garden
      • Feared the destructive influences that threatened its identity

    • Puritans in New England and Virginia: -José de Acosta's Historia natural y moral de las Indias -Descendants of Noah's son Ham and the descendants of his son Kanaan are of interest to Anglican and Puritan theologians -Thomas Thorowgood's book Jews in America that used the "lost tribes" theory to legitimize European colonization. -10-Lost-Tribes Theory -1650s mission to convert Jews failed

      • Natives considered as demonic pagans
      • King Phillip's War 1675-1678

    • The Great Chain of Being and the Natural Order

      • Michel Foucault (1966)
      • Order in the world. Order establishes hierarchies.
      • All orders, categories and hierarchies are socially constructed
      • Categories of animals
      • Definitions by Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
        • Distinguished by nature
        • Established Order determined by the grade of perfection.
        • Christianity view it as God's order
        • Highest form is opposed to matter.
      • Reflection of the stable order
      • Understanding of „nature“ of things

    • Women's Suffrage:

      • 1893 Liechtenstein
      • 1918 USA
      • 1920 Switzerland
      • 1919 New Zealand
      • 1926 Iran
      • 1944 France
      • 1963 Turkey
      • 1971 Afghanistan
      • 1977 Germany
      • 1984 Germany
      • 1919 UK

    • Civil Religion:

      • Sacred texts/mottos (Gettysburg Address)
      • Pledge of allegiance
      • Popular song God Bless America
      • American values
      • Importance of Civil religion

    • Colonial America and the politico-religious heritage:

      • Spanish and Virginia were not appropriate model for religious narrative
      • Democratic elements were established in Puritan New England and Pennsylvania

    • Native Americans and the US

      • 1600s to 1970s. Colonization and forced assimilation

    • History and diversity of Native American Cultures:

      • 3500 BCE Watson Brake (Louisiana); Neolithic mounds
      • 1700-1100 BCE Poverty Point (Louisiana); trading areas
      • 800-1600 CE Mississippian culture; trading networks,
      • Cahokia (III.); agricultural locations
      • 1300: Abandonment,
      • Contact: horses
      • Adaptation to new life.

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    Religion and Politics in the US 1600-2024 Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the interactions between Native American tribes and the United States from the 1600s to the 1970s, focusing on key documents and principles such as the Declaration of Independence and Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'. It addresses cultural adaptations, religious freedoms, and historical misconceptions. Test your knowledge about these significant topics in American history.

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