US History: Causes of Wars and Immigration

The practice of countries competing to have the strongest military forces.

Agreements between countries to defend each other in case of war.

Strong national pride and a belief in the superiority of one's country.

The practice of one country taking control of other territories and people.

A coded message sent by Germany to Mexico during World War I, proposing an alliance and promising to help Mexico regain lost territories from the U.S. if Mexico joined the war.

The practice of burying soldiers in trenches to protect them from enemy fire, resulting in long periods of stalemate and heavy casualties.

A peace treaty signed after World War I, which severely punished Germany by forcing it to accept blame for the war, pay reparations, and give up territory.

A legal doctrine that states that speech can be restricted if it presents a clear and present danger to the public.

The period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the nation and reintegrating the Southern states into the Union.

The process of granting citizenship and rights to formerly enslaved people in the South.

Laws and practices in the South after Reconstruction that enforced racial segregation and denied African Americans their rights.

A compromise that ended Reconstruction in 1877, resulting in the removal of federal troops from the South.

The process of people moving westward, driven by factors like economic opportunity and escaping discrimination.

A law that divided Native American lands into individual plots, aiming to assimilate them into American culture.

Schools established to assimilate Native American children by teaching them English, American culture, and skills like farming.

Incentives offered by the government to encourage westward expansion, such as free land through the Homestead Act and railroad construction.

The Supreme Court case that legalized segregation by upholding the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Motivations that pushed people away from their original locations, such as poverty, discrimination, or lack of opportunity.

The economic theory that supports limited government intervention in the economy.

The movement to limit or restrict immigration into a country.

The policy of the federal government during the Industrial Revolution, where it did not interfere with business practices, which included the use of child labor.

A policy that prohibited Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States. It is an example of nativism.

The period of rapid growth in cities during the Industrial Revolution, caused by a massive influx of immigrants seeking new opportunities.

The process of rapid economic and social change that involved the development of new technologies, factories, and industries. This led to major shifts in society.

The period of industrial expansion in the United States brought about the rise of powerful industrialists who accumulated vast wealth while impacting the social and economic landscape of the country.

People who left their home countries due to conditions like poverty, conflict, or lack of opportunities, seeking better lives in America.

Journalists who expose corruption and social problems in their writing and investigations.

The belief that the government should play a more active role in addressing social and economic problems.

Jacob Riis exposed the harsh living conditions of the poor in New York City, while Lincoln Steffens focused on government corruption. Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" detailed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

The Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act were passed in response to Upton Sinclair's novel "The Jungle," which depicted the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy based on the belief that the United States should use military force to protect its interests in the Western Hemisphere.

William Howard Taft's foreign policy focused on using American economic power to influence foreign governments. This involved promoting American investments and trade in other countries.

Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy aimed to promote democracy and human rights in the world. It emphasized the idea that countries should have the right to govern themselves without outside interference.

The rapid growth of American industry led to a demand for raw materials and new markets, driving the United States to expand its influence overseas.