Questions and Answers
What does 'political' refer to in the context of United States' expansionist foreign policies?
What is the main focus of 'economic' reasons for U.S. expansionism?
What does 'social' reasons for U.S. expansion refer to?
Which ideology supports the belief that Anglo-Saxon culture is superior?
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What is the Big Stick Diplomacy?
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Dollar Diplomacy involved the use of U.S. financial power to extend international influence.
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What was one of the reasons for America's interest in the Panama Canal?
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What does 'Moral Diplomacy' mean?
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Match the following U.S. foreign policies with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Political Reasons for Expansionism
- Desire for military strength driven by global military competition.
- Advisement from leaders to enhance military capabilities.
- Fear of communism fueled expansionist policies during the Red Scare.
Economic Motivations
- Demand for new markets and raw materials due to technological advancements.
- Imperialist perspectives viewed foreign trade as essential; notable examples include Hawaii (sugar) and Alaska (timber, minerals, oil).
- Discovery of oil reserves in the Middle East intensified competition with Britain, leading to protective tariffs that contributed to the Great Depression.
Social Factors
- Historical American inclination to expand territorial boundaries.
- European nations had established colonies for centuries, prompting the U.S. to pursue similar goals.
Ideological Impulses
- American leaders embraced the idea of imperialism, believing in the superiority of American culture.
- Social Darwinism promoted the notion of racial superiority and justified the spread of Christianity and civilization to others.
- Fear of communism underlined many expansionist policies.
Big Stick Diplomacy
- "Speak softly and carry a big stick" encapsulates Roosevelt's approach to peaceful negotiation paired with military readiness.
- An extension of the Monroe Doctrine, asserting U.S. governance authority over the Western Hemisphere.
- Emphasized diplomatic negotiations supported by military might to maintain order, especially in Latin America.
Foreign Affairs in Asia
- Conflicts over Manchurian and Korean ports sparked the Russo-Japanese War (1904).
- Roosevelt brokered peace through the Treaty of Portsmouth (1905), earning the Nobel Peace Prize but provoking resentment in Russia and Japan.
Relationships in Latin America
- Roosevelt's imperialist mindset influenced negotiations for the Panama Canal, benefitting the U.S. after aiding Panama's independence.
- Critical perspective from the international community emerged due to the Panama Canal's creation and U.S. involvement in regional conflicts.
Impact in Europe
- Roosevelt's mediation in the Morocco territorial disputes enhanced U.S. international standing.
- The establishment of the Panama Canal was controversial but crucial for trade and military strategy.
Contemporary Applications of Big Stick Diplomacy
- Economic pressure strategies have been used against North Korea and in conflicts involving Iraq and China.
Dollar Diplomacy
- The policy focused on using financial leverage to influence foreign countries through guaranteed loans to American businesses operating abroad.
Taft's Approach
- Invested in foreign nations to ensure alignment with U.S. policies and interests.
- Examples include managing Honduras' debt crisis and maintaining control over economically strategic locations in Latin America.
Moral Diplomacy
- Wilson condemned imperialism while promoting democracy and peace, particularly in Latin America.
- Economic engagements were conditional on the establishment of democratic governments aligned with American ideals.
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Description
Explore the political, economic, social, and ideological factors that drove the United States' expansionist foreign policies. This flashcard set provides key definitions and concepts that illustrate the motivations behind America's global presence. Perfect for students studying American history and foreign relations.
