27 Questions
What is the collective term for the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution?
Bill of Rights
Which amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures?
4th Amendment
What is the right protected by the 5th Amendment during a trial?
The right to not testify against oneself
What rights are granted to criminal defendants by the 6th Amendment?
The right to an attorney, a speedy trial, and a public trial
Which set of amendments extended voting rights to a new group of people?
15, 19, and 26
What does it mean to be guaranteed 'due process'?
An individual is allowed full legal procedures before life, liberty, or property is taken away
What is the purpose of a grand jury?
To determine if there is enough evidence to bring a case to trial
What is the main purpose of the Bill of Rights?
To protect individual rights and prevent government abuse of power
What is the significance of probable cause in the 4th Amendment?
It is the standard required for a warrant to be issued
What is the grand jury's role in the federal criminal process?
It issues an indictment when it finds enough evidence to justify a trial.
What type of liberties are protected by the Bill of Rights?
Civil liberties
What is the purpose of the incorporation process in relation to the Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment?
The requirement that state governments must respect the rights listed in the first ten amendments.
How does the 14th Amendment ensure equal protection under the laws?
By treating all citizens fairly
What type of jurisdiction does the first court that hears a case have?
Original jurisdiction
How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
9
What type of jurisdiction do courts have when they can uphold, reserve, or modify the decisions of lower courts?
Appellate jurisdiction
What is the role of the grand jury in approving plea bargains?
The grand jury does not approve plea bargains.
What is the relationship between the 14th Amendment and the Bill of Rights?
The 14th Amendment incorporates the protections of the Bill of Rights to apply to the states.
What is the term used to describe the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional?
judicial review
Which judicial philosophy is based on the idea that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the original intention of the Framers?
judicial restraint
What is the term used to describe the process by which the Supreme Court declares a law or government action to be unconstitutional?
nullification
Which amendment to the US Constitution extended the right to due process to state and local governments, ensuring equal protection under the law for all citizens?
14th Amendment
What is the role of the Senate in the process of appointing federal judges?
confirmation
What is the purpose of a grand jury in the criminal justice system?
to gather evidence and recommend whether to file criminal charges
What is the term used to describe the judicial philosophy that advocates for a flexible interpretation of the Constitution?
judicial activism
What is the significance of the case of Marbury v. Madison in the history of the US Supreme Court?
it established the doctrine of judicial review
What is the role of the Supreme Court in the system of checks and balances in the US government?
to ensure that the other branches of government do not exceed their constitutional authority
Study Notes
The Bill of Rights
- The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights.
- The 4th Amendment establishes the need for a warrant or probable cause before a person can be searched or arrested.
- The 5th Amendment protects individuals from testifying against themselves during a trial.
- The 6th Amendment gives criminal defendants the right to an attorney, a speedy trial, and a public trial.
Amendments and Voting Rights
- The 15th Amendment extended the right to vote to African Americans.
- The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote.
- The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age to 18.
Due Process and Civil Liberties
- Due process guarantees that individuals are allowed full legal procedures before life, liberty, or property is taken away.
- The Bill of Rights is an example of civil liberties.
The 14th Amendment
- The 14th Amendment ensures equal protection under the laws by treating all citizens fairly.
- The process of incorporation, via the 14th Amendment, requires state governments to respect the rights listed in the first ten amendments.
The Supreme Court
- The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction, but it is typically appellate.
- The Supreme Court has the power to nullify laws that violate the Constitution, known as judicial review.
- The number of total justices on the Supreme Court is 9.
Judicial Philosophy
- Judicial activism refers to when justices make rulings to "correct injustices" and interpret the Constitution as a "living document".
- Judicial restraint refers to when justices interpret the Constitution according to the Framers' original intention.
- The concept of judicial review was established in the case of Marbury v. Madison.
The Grand Jury
- A grand jury issues an indictment when it finds enough evidence to justify a trial.
Test your knowledge of the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, also known as the Bill of Rights. This quiz covers various aspects of these amendments, including search and seizure, self-incrimination, and criminal defense rights.
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