U.S. Colonial Rule in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What was a notable change in governance after Woodrow Wilson's election in 1912?

Immediate independence granted to the Philippines

Appointment of Francisco Burton Harrison as governor-general (correct)

Removal of all American officials from local governance

Increased American presence in the Philippine government

What did the 1916 Jones Law establish in the Philippines?

Complete independence from the U.S.

A bicameral legislature (correct)

A military dictatorship

An electoral college for presidential elections

What were the grievances against Leonard Wood's administration primarily about?

High taxation rates on Filipino businesses

Authoritarian policies and local governance interference (correct)

Economic sanctions imposed on the Philippines

Promotion of Filipino self-governance

What was one consequence of Wood's governance on Filipino officials?

A wave of resignations from political positions Signup and view all the answers

Which political party in the U.S. was associated with supporting long-term control over the Philippines?

Republican Party Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the investigations into compliance with the Jones Law under President Harding?

Reports of corruption and inefficiency Signup and view all the answers

What was a key reason for the petition from Filipino leaders against Wood's policies?

Disillusionment with promises of self-governance Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Wood's reinstatement of a controversial police chief have?

It caused significant tensions with Filipino leaders Signup and view all the answers

What period was established as the Philippine Commonwealth?

1935-1945 Signup and view all the answers

Who was elected president of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935?

Manuel L. Quezon Signup and view all the answers

What major global event interrupted the Philippine Commonwealth?

World War II Signup and view all the answers

What were the Public Land Acts of 1903 and 1936 known for?

Institutionalizing the Torre system and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What type of literature reflects the political debates during the Japanese Occupation in the Philippines?

Political caricatures and comic strips Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Philippine-American War on the country's political landscape?

It led to political negotiations for independence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups experienced discrimination under the Public Land Acts?

Muslims and Lumad of Mindanao Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the collaborative relationship between the U.S. and Filipino elite during colonization?

Filipino-American collaborative empire Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of Act No. 926, passed in 1903?

To enable the claim of agricultural public land by certain citizens Signup and view all the answers

Which regions were explicitly excluded from the homesteading provisions of Act No. 926?

Moro Province and certain highland areas Signup and view all the answers

What misconception did Filipinos from Luzon and the Visayas hold about lands in Mindanao?

They assumed these lands were uninhabited. Signup and view all the answers

How did the policies of U.S. homesteading in the Philippines compare to those in North America?

They mirrored the dispossession of Native Americans. Signup and view all the answers

What long-term effect did the influx of settlers in Mindanao have on indigenous communities?

Significant displacement and cultural weakening of indigenous communities. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant social implications of the Public Land Laws?

Displacement of indigenous populations from their ancestral lands. Signup and view all the answers

Which two groups were specifically mentioned as being affected by the land policies in Mindanao?

Moro and Lumad communities Signup and view all the answers

What issue is often attributed to the land ownership policies enacted during the colonial period?

Present-day conflicts rooted in resource distribution. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary demand of the Filipinos upon the arrival of the Americans?

Full independence from American control Signup and view all the answers

What tactic did the American administration use to pacify the Filipinos?

Appointing Filipino politicians to key positions Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant actions taken by Governor-General Wood that angered the Filipino politicians?

Closing the Philippine National Bank Signup and view all the answers

How did Wood's governance affect the principle of Filipinization?

It reversed the Filipinization policy Signup and view all the answers

Which document highlights the grievances of Filipino leaders against U.S. governance?

Filipino Grievances Against Governor-General Wood Signup and view all the answers

What was the expectation of Filipinos regarding Major-General Wood's governance?

The continuation of cooperation for political emancipation Signup and view all the answers

What was a common consequence of Governor-General Wood's arbitrary actions?

Destruction of the constitutional system Signup and view all the answers

Which political group was more in favor of prolonged American control in the Philippines?

Republicans Signup and view all the answers

What role did political caricatures play during the American colonial period in the Philippines?

They provided a medium for social and political commentary. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Japanese occupation affect the production of political cartoons in the Philippines?

They were replaced by Japanese propaganda that portrayed Japan positively. Signup and view all the answers

What common themes were emphasized in the political cartoons during the American colonial era?

The oppression faced by poor Filipinos and the disparity with elites. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of society did caricatures reflect during the 1930s in the Philippines?

The challenge to conservative norms by young Filipinos. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant characteristic of the media environment during the Japanese occupation?

Censorship and strict control of media were prevalent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the portrayal of Japan in the propaganda comics during the occupation?

As a benevolent power liberating the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

Which artist used subtle methods in their cartoons to resist Japanese occupation?

Tony Velasquez. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key advantage of political caricatures compared to written editorials during the American colonial period?

They could simplify complex political issues for mass consumption. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

U.S. Colonial Rule Dynamics

U.S. colonial rule in the Philippines was a complex process influenced by political parties in the U.S.
The Republican Party (McKinley, Roosevelt, Taft) favored prolonged control and favored longer term colonial rule.
The Democrats (Wilson) pushed for earlier independence and advocated for Filipinos to gain independence.
Wilson’s election in 1912 led to changes including the appointment of Francisco Burton Harrison, who aimed for greater Filipino participation in government.
The 1916 Jones Law established a bicameral legislature and decreased the number of American officials in the government.
Leonard Wood and William Cameron Forbes investigated the Philippines' compliance with the Jones Law and discovered corruption and inefficiency, leading to tension.
Wood’s appointment in 1921 resulted in increased tension with Filipino leaders due to his authoritarian style.
Filipino leaders resigned from political positions and protested against Wood’s policies.

Filipino Grievances Against Governor-General Wood

The "Filipino Grievances Against Governor-General Wood" highlights the discontent of Filipino leaders with U.S. colonial governance under Leonard Wood.
Wood’s administration was characterized by authoritarian policies, interference in local governance, and the reinstatement of a controversial police chief.
Grievances detail accusations against Wood's administration, depicting it as oppressive and detrimental to Filipino autonomy.
The petition calls for justice from the American public, emphasizing the leaders' commitment to self-governance and their disillusionment with U.S. promises of freedom.

Public Land Laws of the United States Colonial Government

The "Public Land Laws of the United States Colonial Government" discusses the U.S. strategy to integrate Muslim Mindanao and its indigenous peoples throughout the colonial period.
Act No. 926, passed in 1903, allowed Filipino citizens, U.S. citizens, and citizens of U.S. insular possessions to claim up to 16 hectares of unoccupied agricultural public land.
The act excluded the Moro Province and some highland areas due to challenges faced by U.S. forces from local resistance in these regions, particularly from the Moro people.
The policy of homesteading encouraged Filipinos from Luzon and the Visayas to settle in Mindanao, displacing the indigenous Moro and Lumad communities.
By 1970, settlers controlled much of Mindanao's land, which previously belonged to indigenous people.

Cartoons and Comic Strips

Political cartoons became significant during the American era, highlighting colonial policies and injustices in a way that written editorials could not.
The press enjoyed a degree of freedom under American colonial rule, allowing for a critical examination of U.S. policies.
Japanese wartime propaganda replaced American versions, portraying Japan as a benevolent liberator of the Philippines from Western imperialism.
Some cartoonists used subtle methods to challenge their Japanese occupiers.

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Description

Explore the dynamics of U.S. colonial rule in the Philippines and the contrasting views of American political parties. This quiz examines key events, including the 1916 Jones Law and leadership styles that influenced Filipino governance and independence movements. Test your knowledge on this significant period in history.