Spanish Colonial Rule in The Philippines
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Spanish Colonial Rule in The Philippines

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Questions and Answers

Who led the corregimientos during the colonial period?

  • Gobernadorcillo
  • Cabeza de barangay
  • Alcalde mayor
  • Corregidor (correct)

    • Which of the following was NOT one of the recognized ayuntamientos?

  • Manila
  • Bacolod (correct)
  • Iloilo
  • Cebu

    • What class was considered the ruling elite in the local governance structure?

  • Indios
  • Principalia (correct)
  • Creoles
  • Filipinos

    • Which group was the highest in social stratification according to limpieza de sangre?

    <p>Peninsulares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the smallest political unit in the colonial governance structure?

    <p>Barangay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a form of indirect tax imposed during the colonial period?

    <p>Bandala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were referred to as Ilustrados in the 19th century?

    <p>Educated Filipino citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Sanctioned individuals born of a Spanish father and Indio mother called?

    <p>Spanish Mestizos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the main motivations behind Spanish colonization known as the 3G's?

    <p>God, Gold, Glory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution served as the highest court during Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines?

    <p>Royal Audiencia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Governor-General hold in the Spanish colonial government?

    <p>Chief executive and commander-in-chief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity was responsible for reviewing the performance of the outgoing Governor-General?

    <p>Residencia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the function of the Alcaldes Mayores during Spanish rule?

    <p>To implement laws and collect taxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were Alcaldías formed in the Spanish colonial administration?

    <p>From encomiendas whose inhabitants accepted Spanish rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position held the right to appoint priests to ecclesiastical positions?

    <p>Vice Royal Patron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the principal guiding principle of mercantilism during Spanish colonization?

    <p>Accumulation of bullions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the encomendero play in the encomienda system?

    <p>Protect, educate, and indoctrinate the native population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the tribute system that existed before the cedula personal?

    <p>To gather funds for church festivities and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long were males required to participate in polo y servicio personal?

    <p>40 days each year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which royal decree institutionalized the tobacco monopoly in 1782?

    <p>Royal Decree by King Charles III of Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade significantly contributed to which of the following?

    <p>Intercultural exchanges between the Philippines and America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major outcome of the Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais?

    <p>Creation of income-generating monopolies in various products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the exemption fee for polo y servicio personal?

    <p>1 ½ reales a day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the piloncitos widely recognized as during the Galleon Trade?

    <p>The first coins, referred to as pieces of eight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main purposes of the Royal Company of the Philippines?

    <p>To promote direct trade between Spain and its colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following religious orders was established first in the Philippines?

    <p>Augustinians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Spanish influence Filipino culture according to the content?

    <p>By introducing Spanish names and attire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did Spain use to gain the trust of the Filipino natives?

    <p>Implementing Christianity and church festivities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant effect did the establishment of the Royal Company of the Philippines have on the local economy?

    <p>It increased income for the colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the decree by Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria in 1849?

    <p>A standard naming system was enforced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the high influence of the church over the state during the Spanish colonial period?

    <p>La Soberania Monacal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was part of the cultural transformation introduced by the Spaniards in the Philippines?

    <p>Introduction of new forms of entertainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is recognized as the only woman painter of the 19th Century in the Philippines?

    <p>Maria Paz Paterno</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary figure is known for their work 'Huseng Sisiw'?

    <p>Jose dela Cruz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first public library and museum in the Philippines?

    <p>Museo Biblioteca de Filipinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution is considered the oldest university in Asia?

    <p>Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which college was founded as the first institution for girls in the Philippines?

    <p>ColegiodeSta.Potenciana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Puente Colgante in the Philippines?

    <p>It is now known as Quezon Bridge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication was produced by the first wood-block printing in the Philippines?

    <p>Wu-chi t'ien-chu cheng-chiao chen-chuan shih-lu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the only railway line in the Philippines in the 19th century?

    <p>Jacobo Zobel de Zangronis and Adolfo Bayo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spanish Colonial Rule in The Philippines

    • Spanish Colonization (1565-1821) was driven by the 3G's: God, Gold, and Glory.
    • Political Structure: Centralized government with the Governor-General as the chief executive, responsible for implementing royal decrees.
      • Royal and Supreme Council of Indies governed all Spanish territories, guided by the Recopilacion de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias.
      • Governor-General: Chief executive, commander-in-chief, issued and implemented royal decrees, had the right to dismiss officials except those appointed by the King.
      • Royal Audiencia: Highest court in the Philippines.
      • Vice Royal Patron: Appointed priests to ecclesiastical positions.
      • Checkers of Governor-General's power:
        • Residencia: Judicial court reviewing the performance of outgoing Governor-Generals.
        • Visita: Commissioned by the King to observe colonial conditions, reporting directly to the King.
    • Local Government: Facilitated administration and represented the King and Governor-General in provinces.
      • Provincial Government:
        • Alcaldias: Pacified provinces, headed by Alcaldes Mayores, responsible for implementing laws, collecting taxes, and performing judicial functions.
        • Corregimientos: Areas in conflict with Spain, led by Corregidores.
      • City Government: Known as ayuntamiento, headed by an alcalde mayor, with Manila as the capital.
      • Municipal Government: Alcaldias were divided into towns (pueblo), governed by gobernadorcillo. The smallest unit was the barangay, led by a cabeza de barangay.
    • Social Stratification: Based on limpieza de sangre (purity of blood), divided into three tiers:
      • First Structure:
        • Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain, held highest positions.
        • Insulares: Spaniards born in the Philippines, served in the colonial army and parishes.
        • Spanish Mestizos: Mixed Spanish and Indio heritage, known as "Filipinos" during the early Spanish era.
      • Second Structure:
        • Principalia: Town's ruling elite.
        • Creoles: Landed native class.
        • Chinese Mestizos: Mixed Chinese and Indio heritage,.
        • Chinos: Chinese immigrants.
      • Third Structure: Indios, discriminated against and treated as inferior.
      • 19th Century: Ilustrados emerged: educated Filipinos who benefitted from economic progress.

    Economic Policies

    • Taxes:
      • Direct Taxes: Personal tribute and income tax.
      • Indirect Taxes: Bandala (enforced sale of rice and coconut oil) and custom duties.
      • Tribute: Replaced by the cedula personal in 1884.
    • Polo y Servicio Personal: Forced labor, obligated men between 16-60 years old to serve the government for 40 days.
      • Polistas: Laborers working on infrastructure projects and logging.
      • Falla: Exemption fee for polo y servicios.
    • Encomienda System: Reward given to Spaniards for helping colonize, granting them rights to collect taxes and recruit labor.
      • Royal/Crown Encomienda: Reserved for the King.
      • Private Encomienda: Granted to individuals who served the King.
    • Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade (1565-1815): Annual trade between Manila and Acapulco, facilitated by piloncitos (first coins).
      • Effects: Intercultural exchanges between the Philippines and America, introduction of flora and fauna.
    • Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais (1781): Economic society that aimed for wealth creation, focusing on tobacco, nuts, and liquor monopolies.
    • Tobacco Monopoly (1782): Instituted by Jose Basco y Vargas, strictly controlled the planting and manufacturing of tobacco, generating government revenue.
    • Royal Company of the Philippines (1785): Established to promote direct trade between Spain and colonies, and the development of natural resources.
      • Effects: Increased colonial income, facilitated open trade with Europeans, and allocated resources for agriculture.

    Religious, Educational, and Social Transformation

    • Christianity was used to pacify Filipinos, replacing animism with Catholicism.
    • Missionaries: Augustinians (1565), Franciscans (1577), Jesuits (1581), Dominicans (1587), Recollects (1606), Benedictines (1895).
    • La Soberania Monacal (Frailocracia): Monastic supremacy, highlighting the church's influence on the state.
    • Social Changes: Filipinos adopted Spanish clothing and names, learned Spanish language, and participated in Spanish pastimes.
      • 17th Century Filipino Writers: Fernando Bagongbanta, Tomas Pinpin, Pedro Suarez Ozorio.
      • 18th Century Filipino Writers: Gaspar Aquino de Belen, Felipe de Jesus, Jose dela Cruz.
      • Painters: Juan Luna, Felix Ressurecion Hidalgo, Maria Paz Paterno.
      • Wood-block printing: Produced books like Doctrina Cristiana and Wu-chi t'ien-chu cheng-chiao chen-chuan shih-lu.
      • La Funeraria: The first funeral parlor.
      • Ferrocaril de Manila: First railway line in the Philippines.
      • Compania de los Tranvias de Filipinas: First tramways in Manila.
      • La Electricista de Manila: Introduced electricity.
      • Puente Colgante (Quezon Bridge): First suspension bridge in the Far East.
      • Museo Biblioteca de Filipinas: First public library and museum.
    • Education:
      • Parochial Schools: Propagated religion and taught obedience to religious authorities.
      • Colleges (Colegios): Taught Latin, geography, history, and mathematics.
        • Colegio de San Ignacio: First college for boys, established in 1621.
        • Colegio de Sta. Potenciana/Colegio de Sta. Isabel: First college for girls, founded in 1632.
        • College of San Ildefonso: In Cebu, founded in 1599.
        • College of the Immaculate Concepcion (Ateneo Municipal de Manila): Founded in 1817.
        • Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario (UST): Founded in 1611.

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