Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the APVMA primarily evaluate to ensure human health and safety?
What does the APVMA primarily evaluate to ensure human health and safety?
- Market demand for the product
- Product advertising strategies
- Potential profits from the product
- Intrinsic properties of the chemical or formulation (correct)
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a risk by the APVMA during product evaluation?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a risk by the APVMA during product evaluation?
- Harming animals
- Adequate labelling (correct)
- Environmental harm
- International trade prejudice
What formula does the APVMA use to determine risk?
What formula does the APVMA use to determine risk?
- Risk = Benefit x Hazard
- Risk = Hazard x Exposure (correct)
- Risk = Exposure - Hazard
- Risk = Hazard + Exposure
In terms of product effectiveness, what must the APVMA ensure?
In terms of product effectiveness, what must the APVMA ensure?
What federal act required proof of a lack of 'unreasonable adverse effects' on human health or the environment for pesticide approval?
What federal act required proof of a lack of 'unreasonable adverse effects' on human health or the environment for pesticide approval?
To control exposure to a product, what is critical according to APVMA regulations?
To control exposure to a product, what is critical according to APVMA regulations?
Which chemical, known as an endocrine disruptor, was primarily responsible for declining bald eagle populations in the 20th century?
Which chemical, known as an endocrine disruptor, was primarily responsible for declining bald eagle populations in the 20th century?
Who published 'Silent Spring', which raised public awareness about the dangers of pesticides?
Who published 'Silent Spring', which raised public awareness about the dangers of pesticides?
What was a result of Rachel Carson's advocacy and the publication of 'Silent Spring'?
What was a result of Rachel Carson's advocacy and the publication of 'Silent Spring'?
What are the EPA's considerations before approving a pesticide?
What are the EPA's considerations before approving a pesticide?
What event following World War II dramatically increased chemical pesticide use in the USA?
What event following World War II dramatically increased chemical pesticide use in the USA?
Which of the following actions led to the ultimate banning of DDT in the US?
Which of the following actions led to the ultimate banning of DDT in the US?
What key problem did DDT cause in bald eagles leading to their population decline?
What key problem did DDT cause in bald eagles leading to their population decline?
How is risk defined in the context of biohazard assessments?
How is risk defined in the context of biohazard assessments?
What likelihood corresponds to a risk score of 7-8 according to the risk management matrix?
What likelihood corresponds to a risk score of 7-8 according to the risk management matrix?
What is the consequence level for a risk categorization with a score of 9-10?
What is the consequence level for a risk categorization with a score of 9-10?
Which likelihood category suggests a risk score of 3-4?
Which likelihood category suggests a risk score of 3-4?
In the risk management matrix, a risk that has a higher likelihood than possible, but lower than almost certain, is categorized as what?
In the risk management matrix, a risk that has a higher likelihood than possible, but lower than almost certain, is categorized as what?
What is the primary mission of the APVMA?
What is the primary mission of the APVMA?
What types of chemicals does the APVMA regulate?
What types of chemicals does the APVMA regulate?
After point of sale, which authorities are responsible for regulating agricultural and veterinary chemicals?
After point of sale, which authorities are responsible for regulating agricultural and veterinary chemicals?
Which types of products are included under veterinary chemicals regulated by the APVMA?
Which types of products are included under veterinary chemicals regulated by the APVMA?
What common regulatory approach do the APVMA, US, and European systems share?
What common regulatory approach do the APVMA, US, and European systems share?
Which statement about the role of the APVMA is true?
Which statement about the role of the APVMA is true?
What distinguishes the Australian regulatory system from those of the US and Europe?
What distinguishes the Australian regulatory system from those of the US and Europe?
What type of treatments are included as agricultural chemicals regulated by the APVMA?
What type of treatments are included as agricultural chemicals regulated by the APVMA?
What does MRL stand for in agricultural practices?
What does MRL stand for in agricultural practices?
Which of the following is NOT a factor the APVMA considers regarding trade criteria?
Which of the following is NOT a factor the APVMA considers regarding trade criteria?
What must producers consider when selecting chemicals for agricultural use?
What must producers consider when selecting chemicals for agricultural use?
What governs the extent to which the APVMA considers trade criteria?
What governs the extent to which the APVMA considers trade criteria?
Why must the APVMA ensure that international trade issues are manageable?
Why must the APVMA ensure that international trade issues are manageable?
What is the purpose of setting Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs)?
What is the purpose of setting Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs)?
When must the APVMA consider trade criteria in full?
When must the APVMA consider trade criteria in full?
What is implied by the variation of MRLs in different countries?
What is implied by the variation of MRLs in different countries?
Study Notes
US Pesticide Regulation
- The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assumed pesticide regulation from the FDA in 1970.
- The Federal Environmental Pesticides Control Act (1972) mandated proof of no unreasonable adverse effects on human health or the environment.
- EPA considers pesticide ingredients, application site, amount, frequency, timing, and storage/disposal practices before approval.
- Post-WWII, chemical use surged, including DDT in the 1950s.
- DDT, an endocrine disruptor, weakened eggshells and threatened bald eagle populations.
- Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962) raised public awareness of pesticide dangers, leading to the EPA's formation in 1970 and DDT's ban in 1972.
- Lobby groups have challenged strengthened pesticide regulation in the US.
APVMA (Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority)
- APVMA protects Australian human, animal, and environmental health, supporting agriculture through scientific, risk-based regulation.
- APVMA regulates agricultural and veterinary chemicals, including pesticides, herbicides, biocides, insecticides, seed treatments, veterinary medicines, antibiotics, and some stockfeed/pet food.
- Regulation extends to the point of sale (POS); state/territory authorities handle post-POS regulation.
- APVMA's goals align with US and European systems (protecting populations and the environment), but it also has a mandate to support Australian agriculture.
- All three systems use risk analysis to balance risks and benefits, implementing risk control measures.
APVMA's Regulation of New Products
- APVMA assesses new products based on several factors including any conditions of registration, relevant register entries, conformity to standards, and other prescribed matters.
- Trade criteria are fully considered for products used with crops/animals whose products might be exported; otherwise, consideration is given to a relevant extent.
- APVMA must ensure manageability of international trade issues, acknowledging varying food standards and Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) in different countries.
- MRLs reflect varying agricultural practices and must be met by producers.
International Trade, MRLs, and Risk Assessment
- International trade deals can affect pesticide regulation.
- The Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) is the maximum tolerated pesticide residue concentration in food/feed resulting from approved use.
- APVMA evaluates human health and safety, environmental impact, animal welfare, product effectiveness, labeling, and trade impacts when considering registration.
- Risk assessment involves evaluating hazard (chemical properties) and exposure (contact) to determine risk. Safe/effective use depends on label instructions.
- A risk matrix prioritizes risks based on likelihood and consequence, with classifications from minor to critical.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the key aspects of pesticide regulation in the US and Australia, including the roles of the EPA and APVMA. It examines historical events, legislation, and the impact on health and the environment, as well as the challenges faced by regulators. Test your knowledge on the evolution and significance of these regulations.
