Uroabdomen and Septic Peritonitis in Veterinary Medicine Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which diagnostic method is most commonly used for diagnosing diaphragmatic hernia?

  • POCUS (correct)
  • Radiographs
  • Thoracic auscultation
  • Abdominal cytology

How is septic peritonitis managed in dogs?

  • Broad spectrum antibiotics and fluid resuscitation (correct)
  • Surgery +/- chest drain
  • Vitamin K/FFP if coagulopathy and surgical Ex-Lap
  • Emergency fluid resuscitation/shock and abdominal drain

What is a characteristic feature of bile peritonitis in dogs?

  • Ictericia (correct)
  • Varying severity of dyspnoea
  • Borborygmi on thoracic auscultation
  • Interrupted blood supply to the pancreas

What is a potential consequence of coagulopathies in bile peritonitis?

<p>Acute pancreatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid concentration can be obtained by a veterinary point-of-care glucometer to identify septic peritonitis in dogs?

<p>Peritoneal fluid glucose concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic physical exam finding for diaphragmatic hernia in dogs?

<p>Tucked in abdomen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome associated with polytrauma following RTA?

<p>Poor outcome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the sensitive imaging techniques for detecting free abdominal fluid and other trauma-related conditions?

<p>Abdominal point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and FAST (Focused Assessment by Sonography for Trauma) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial treatment and stabilization approach for haemoabdomen?

<p>Managing shock, controlling the source of bleeding, fluid resuscitation, blood transfusions, oxygen therapy, and monitoring PCV/TS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of haemoabdomen mentioned in the text?

<p>Road traffic accidents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the parameters involved in categorizing fluid as transudate, modified transudate, or exudate?

<p>Specific gravity, total protein, and nucleated cell count, predominant cell type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of hemorrhage included in the physical exam for assessing abdominal trauma?

<p>Evaluation of perfusion parameters, external wounds, and cardiac arrhythmias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the assessment method for haemoabdomen, uroabdomen, and peritonitis mentioned in the text?

<p>Fluid analysis including assessing PCV, creatinine, potassium, lactate, glucose, and bilirubin levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the initial evaluation and management of trauma patients, as illustrated in the clinical scenario of Tess?

<p>Rapid shallow breathing, shock, and signs of head, thoracic, and abdominal trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of uroabdomen?

<p>Hyperkalemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a diagnostic method for uroabdomen?

<p>Contrast radiography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of septic peritonitis?

<p>Bacterial infection from the gastrointestinal tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a diagnostic test for septic peritonitis?

<p>Abdominal effusion cytology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a management approach for uroabdomen?

<p>Abdominal drainage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be required for surgical management of uroabdomen?

<p>Coeliotomy/laparotomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential before definitive surgical correction for uroabdomen?

<p>Medical stabilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Uroabdomen?

Leakage of urine into the abdominal cavity, causing an accumulation of urine rich in potassium, creatinine, and urea.

How does uroabdomen cause dehydration?

Fluid movement from the body's tissues into the abdominal cavity due to the presence of urine in the abdomen.

What is hyperkalemia?

High potassium levels in the blood, a potential complication of uroabdomen.

What is azotemia?

Elevated levels of waste products like urea in the blood, often seen with uroabdomen.

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What is hyponatremia?

Low sodium levels in the blood, a possible consequence of uroabdomen.

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What is hypochloremia?

Low chloride levels in the blood, which can occur alongside uroabdomen.

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What is metabolic acidosis?

An acidic state in the body's fluids, often seen with uroabdomen.

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How is uroabdomen diagnosed?

Non-specific clinical signs, blood tests for azotemia and hyperkalemia, imaging like APOCUS and contrast radiography, and fluid analysis including creatinine and potassium ratios.

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What is the management of uroabdomen?

Fluid therapy to replace lost fluids, urinary catheters to drain the bladder, abdominal drainage of accumulated urine, and treatment of electrolyte imbalances.

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What is septic peritonitis?

A serious condition caused by an overactive immune response to an infection, leading to organ dysfunction and systemic inflammation.

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What is primary spontaneous septic peritonitis?

Septic peritonitis that occurs without a known source of infection, often stemming from spontaneous leakage of the gut.

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What is secondary septic peritonitis?

Septic peritonitis that follows a known surgical procedure or other event.

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What is tertiary spontaneous septic peritonitis?

Septic peritonitis occurring after a previous attempt at treatment, sometimes caused by resistant bacteria.

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What is the typical source of infection in septic peritonitis?

Bacteria are the most common source of infection in septic peritonitis, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract.

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What is neutrophilia in septic peritonitis?

Elevated white blood cell count, particularly neutrophils, indicating an inflammatory response.

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What is neutropaenia in septic peritonitis?

Decreased white blood cell count, specifically neutrophils, a sign of severe infection.

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What is elevated lactate in septic peritonitis?

Elevated lactate levels in the blood, indicating poor tissue oxygenation and cellular stress.

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What is cytology in septic peritonitis?

The presence of bacteria and degenerated white blood cells in the abdominal fluid, indicating an active infection.

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What are glucose and lactate ratios in septic peritonitis?

Comparing glucose levels in the blood and abdominal fluid, and lactate levels in the abdomen and blood.

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What are potential surgical procedures for uroabdomen?

Surgical intervention for uroabdomen may require opening the abdominal cavity and potentially removing the spleen, part of the liver, or a kidney.

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What is the importance of medical stabilization before surgery for uroabdomen?

It is crucial to stabilize the patient's health before performing surgery for uroabdomen.

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Study Notes

Uroabdomen and Septic Peritonitis in Veterinary Medicine

  • Uroabdomen refers to the leakage of urine into the peritoneal or retroperitoneal space, leading to an accumulation of urine in the abdomen, which is rich in potassium, creatinine, and urea.
  • The accumulation of urine in the abdomen can cause dehydration due to the movement of water from the extracellular space to the abdomen.
  • Uroabdomen can result in hyperkalemia, azotemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and metabolic acidosis.
  • The diagnosis of uroabdomen involves non-specific clinical signs, biochemistry tests for azotemia and hyperkalemia, imaging such as APOCUS and contrast radiography, and fluid analysis including Creafluid and K+fluid:K+blood ratio.
  • Management of uroabdomen includes fluid resuscitation, urinary catheterization, abdominal drainage, and addressing electrolyte imbalance.
  • Septic peritonitis is a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, with septic shock representing a subset with particularly profound abnormalities.
  • Septic peritonitis can be primary, secondary, or tertiary spontaneous, with the source of infection typically bacterial, often from the leakage of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Diagnosis of septic peritonitis involves haematology tests for neutrophilia to neutropaenia, biochemistry tests including lactate levels, A-POCUS, and abdominal effusion cytology.
  • Abdominal effusion cytology may reveal intracellular bacteria and degenerated neutrophils, and peripheral glucose to abdominal and abdominal lactate to peripheral ratios are used for diagnosis.
  • Surgical management of uroabdomen may require coeliotomy/laparotomy and potential procedures such as splenectomy, liver lobectomy, or nephrectomy.
  • Medical stabilization is essential before definitive surgical correction for uroabdomen.
  • The information is based on a clinical review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of uroabdomen in dogs and cats, and images from the Textbook of Medical Physiology by Guyton and Hall.

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Test your knowledge of uroabdomen and septic peritonitis in veterinary medicine with this quiz. Explore the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of these critical conditions in dogs and cats.

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