Urine Sediment Examination Quiz

A microscopic examination technique that focuses on analyzing solid particles (sediment) in urine. This helps to identify various cells, casts, and other components that can indicate underlying health conditions.

The process of separating urine into layers using a centrifuge, allowing the sediment to be collected for microscopic analysis.

A method of accurately quantifying specific components in a 12-hour urine sample, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and casts.

A reagent strip test that measures the activity of leukocyte esterase, an enzyme present in white blood cells.

A water-soluble vitamin that can interfere with certain urine reagent strips, potentially causing inaccurate results.

The part of a microscope that focuses on the specimen, allowing for detailed examination of the sediment.

The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two closely spaced objects.

A technique for removing dust from the optical surfaces of a microscope using a specialized brush.

The primary lenses that magnify the specimen and form the initial image.

A knob used for initial focusing, especially with lower-power objectives. It moves the stage up and down noticeably, bringing the specimen into view.

A knob used for fine adjustments, especially for higher-power objectives. It makes subtle movements to sharpen the image.

A technique that enhances visualization of translucent elements by converting bright-field light into phase contrast. Requires a special objective and condenser.

A technique used to identify birefringent substances, often revealing the presence of cholesterol or specific crystals. Requires two polarizing filters.

A technique used to visualize fluorescent substances or specimens. It requires a special condenser that blocks incident light and allows only exciting light to reach the sample.

A stain used to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria based on their cell wall structure.

A stain commonly used in urine microscopy to highlight the nuclei of cells. It also lyses red blood cells, making it easier to distinguish white blood cells.

A stain often used in urine microscopy to differentiate red blood cells from white blood cells, yeast, oil droplets and crystals.

A stain used for identifying urinary eosinophils.

Red blood cells in the urine, indicating blood in the urinary tract.

White blood cells in the urine, suggesting infection or inflammation.

Derived from the renal pelvis, calyces, ureter, bladder, and upper male urethra. Can vary in shape and size. Abnormal morphology can indicate malignancy or viral infection.

Larger than RBCs, often clinically significant. May contain lipids and have diverse morphologies.

Largest epithelial cells, derived from vagina, female urethra, and lower male urethra. May be folded.

A pear-shaped, single-celled parasite with a characteristic undulating membrane, often seen moving in a jerky fashion in urine specimens. This organism is linked to sexually transmitted infections.

A type of blood fluke, often found in urine specimens as eggs with a terminal spine. These eggs can cause hematuria (blood in the urine) and are associated with bladder cancer.

These are cylindrical structures, often found in urine sediment, that form in the renal tubules of the kidneys. They are composed of protein and can contain various cellular elements, providing valuable clues to kidney health.

A protein marker used to detect the presence of bladder cancer. Elevated levels of this marker can indicate a potential malignancy.

Hyaline casts, are the simplest type of urinary cast, composed primarily of protein. They can be seen in people with different levels of kidney health. However, they are considered the foundation for the formation of all other types of casts.

Fluffy orange or pink sediment found in urine. Often resembles brick dust.

A major product of purine metabolism, appearing in various shapes like diamonds, plates, or football-like structures.

A type of calcium oxalate crystal found in urine, recognized by its distinctive emerald-cut diamond shape.

A type of calcium oxalate crystal found in urine; its shape is not as easily recognizable as Weddelite.

Rare, smaller needle-like or spherical clusters of urates found in urine. Often associated with gout.

The most common cause of urine turbidity in alkaline conditions. It appears as a fine, white precipitate.

A characteristic 'thorny apple' shaped crystal often seen in alkaline urine.

A clear, rectangular-shaped crystal common in alkaline urine. Also known as magnesium ammonium phosphate.

Most fragile cast, signifying bleeding within the nephron. Easily identified by its orange-red color, often associated with glomerulonephritis or strenuous exercise.

Indicates inflammation or infection within the nephron, resembling RTE cast. Differentiation requires phase microscopy and supravital stain.

A clump of leukocytes, commonly observed in lower urinary tract infections, not considered a true cast.

Indicates advanced tubular damage or destruction, featuring smaller, round, and oval cells visible on the cast matrix.

Presence confirms bacterial infection within the nephron, typically associated with pyelonephritis. Requires Gram stain for confirmation.

Derived from lysosomes of renal tubular epithelial cells during normal metabolism. Cells disintegrate when the cast is retained in the tubule. Coarse casts contain larger granules.

Contains fat globules, not stained by Sternheimer-Malbin stain. Requires lipid stains or a polarizing microscope for identification.

The final degenerative form of various casts, brittle, highly refractile, with jagged ends. Indicates chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease.

Indicates destruction or widening of the tubular walls, often referred to as a 'Renal Failure' cast.

Crystals formed by precipitation of urine solutes, often seen in concentrated urine specimens. Abnormal crystals can indicate specific conditions.

Colorless, often laminated hexagonal plates that can be mistaken for hexagonal uric acid crystals. These crystals are associated with cystinuria, a rare metabolic disorder where the body cannot properly reabsorb cystine.

Yellow-brown crystals with various shapes, including rhombic, barrel-shaped, and rosettes. Associated with high levels of uric acid in the urine, which can be a sign of gout, kidney stones, or other conditions.

Colorless, refractile hexagonal plates that resemble flat, shiny shards of glass. Often associated with high cholesterol levels, possibly indicating a medical condition.

Fine, colorless to yellow needles that often appear in clumps or rosettes. Frequently associated with liver disease and other conditions.

Yellow-brown, ovoid spheres with concentric circles and radial striations (lines radiating from the center). Frequently associated with liver disease.

Clumped granules or needles, varying in color (yellowish-green to brown). Associated with liver disease and elevated bilirubin levels in the urine.

Fan-shaped, wheat-shaped, or arrowhead-shaped crystals that can be mistaken for calcium phosphate. Their solubility properties can help distinguish them. Associated with medication use, specifically sulfonamide antibiotics.

Colorless needles that may form clusters or bundles. Associated with the use of ampicillin, a penicillin antibiotic.

Colorless, highly refractile hexagonal plates often with lamination, sometimes hexagonal sides. They are soluble in alkali and heat.

Yellow-brown, often seen as rosettes or dumbbells. Insoluble in acetic acid but soluble in alkali. Their presence can signify elevated uric acid levels.

Colorless, flat, rectangular plates with notched corners. They are soluble in chloroform but insoluble in water.

Colorless to yellow needles, often arranged in clumps or rosettes. They readily dissolve in alkali.

Yellow-brown, oily spheres with concentric circles. They are soluble in hot alkali and alcohol.

Bright yellow, clumped granules or needles, or reddish-brown needles clustered in spheres. They are soluble in acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, acetone, and chloroform.

Brown rosettes or spheres with irregular radial striations.

Yellow-brown sheaves of wheat with eccentric binding, associated with the use of specific antibiotics.

Yellow-brown sheaves of wheat with eccentric binding.

Colorless needles that tend to form bundles when refrigerated.