Urine Analysis Chapter Quiz

Oval fat bodies are renal tubular epithelial cells that have absorbed lipids and may indicate nephrotic syndrome.

Casts are formed within the lumen of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, typically occurring during urinary stasis.

The term used for casts in urine is cylindruria.

<p>Oval fat bodies are specifically renal tubular epithelial cells filled with lipids, whereas miscellaneous cells like histiocytes indicate lipid-storage disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Casts may contain formed elements such as bacteria, WBCs, or RBCs within them or attached to their surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyuria typically indicates an increased number of white blood cells in the urine, suggesting a possible urinary tract infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urethritis and cystitis are two bacterial infections that could be indicated by Pyuria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glitter cells are neutrophils in dilute alkaline urine that appear to sparkle due to the swelling of their cytoplasmic granules caused by Brownian movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophils may be present in the urine due to drug-induced nephritis or renal transplant rejection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special staining may be necessary to visualize eosinophils if their presence is suspected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation can lead to renal damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ampicillin crystals appear colorless and are needle-shaped, often forming bundles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfnamide crystals can appear colorless to yellow-brown and have shapes such as needles or rosettes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiographic dyes resemble cholesterol and correlate with an increased specific gravity greater than 1.050.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amorphous phosphate crystals are soluble in acetic acid, while amorphous urates are insoluble with heat above 60°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify insoluble substances from the blood, kidney, lower urogenital tract, and external contaminants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10-12 mL of urine should be centrifuged, leaving 0.5-1.0 mL of sediment for viewing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests tubular injury, which may indicate renal cancer, renal tubular damage, or pyelonephritis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RBCs/WBCs are reported using high-power magnification, while casts and crystals are reported using low-power magnification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCT RTE cells are rectangular and coarsely granulated, while CD RTE cells are slightly larger, cuboidal or columnar, and finely granulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brightfield and phase contrast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubble cells are RTE cells with large, non-lipid-filled vacuoles, indicative of renal tubular necrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catheterization can increase RTE cell counts due to the invasiveness of the procedure, leading to potential tubular injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal cancer, renal tubular damage, and pyelonephritis are three conditions that can lead to RTE cell presence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Squamous epithelial cells are large, have abundant irregular cytoplasm, a central nucleus similar in size to a red blood cell, and are commonly found in the lower urethra and vagina in women and the urethra of males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive numbers of squamous epithelial cells may indicate improper sample collection using the clean-catch method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transitional epithelial cells are smaller than squamous cells, shaped as spherical, polyhedral, or caudate, and they line the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and upper urethra in males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormalities such as large numbers, vacuoles, and irregular nuclei in transitional epithelial cells may indicate renal carcinoma or viral infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates potential renal damage, glomerular membrane damage, or vascular damage in the urogenital tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clue cells are squamous epithelial cells covered with <em>Gardnerella vaginalis</em> and indicate the presence of a vaginal infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infections and renal calculi are two conditions that could lead to erythrocytes in urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In concentrated urine, erythrocytes shrink and appear crenated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes can be mistaken for yeast cells or oil droplets due to their refractive properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilute acetic acid lyses erythrocytes, leaving behind only yeast, oil droplets, and white blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to monitor hydration levels, renal concentrating ability, and conditions like diabetes insipidus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bromthymol blue is an indicator that detects changes in pH, which correlate with hydrogen ion concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated protein or ketone levels can falsely increase the specific gravity reading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You should add 0.005 to the specific gravity reading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific gravity of 1.000 shows a blue color in alkaline solution, while a reading of 1.030 appears yellow in acid solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of leukocytes indicates a possible urinary tract infection or inflammation of the urinary tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reagent strip method does not quantify the number of leukocytes present in the urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An acid ester reacts with leukocyte esterase to form an aromatic compound that reacts with a diazonium salt, producing a purple color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased glucose, protein, ascorbic acid, yellow-pigmented substances, high specific gravity, and certain antibiotics can cause false negatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pigmented urine and strong oxidizing agents can lead to false positive results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triple Phosphate crystals appear as colorless, three- to six-sided prisms resembling a coffin lid and are not clinically significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium Carbonate crystals are small, colorless crystals with dumbbell or spherical shapes, and they are not clinically significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ammonium Biurate crystals convert to uric acid crystals when acetic acid is added and can appear as yellow to brown spheres with striations or thorny projections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium Phosphate crystals are colorless, thin prisms or rectangular plates and are not considered clinically significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most crystals, including Triple Phosphate, Calcium Phosphate, and Calcium Carbonate, are not clinically significant and may have associations with conditions like UTIs or kidney stones.</p> Signup and view all the answers