Urinary Tract Infections

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An infection of the urethra or bladder.

The system of organs that produces, stores, and eliminates urine.

An infection of the bladder; a type of lower urinary tract infection (UTI).

A tube that carries urine from the bladder outside the body.

Burning sensation during urination, pressure/pain in the lower abdomen, frequent urge to urinate with little output, unpleasant odor, and sometimes blood in urine.

Mostly bacteria entering the bladder through the urethra.

Factors that increase the chance of a bladder infection include low fluid intake, sexual intercourse, poor hygiene, stones/conditions in the bladder or kidneys, pregnancy, menopause and diabetes.

Usually antibiotics prescribed from a GP to speed up recovery and prevent complications.

An infection or inflammation of the urinary tract organs, often caused by bacteria like E. coli.

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Urine production, transport, storage, and elimination occur here.

Mostly water, salts, nitrogen waste from metabolism, and potentially medications or other substances the body wants to eliminate.

Shorter urethra, proximity to rectum, improper wiping habits contribute, and more vulnerable.

Longer urethra, higher risk for UTIs after age 50 related to prostate gland enlargement blocking urine flow.

Burning or painful sensation during urination.

Needing to urinate very often.

Sudden, strong urge to urinate.

Blood in the urine.

Fever, headache, muscle aches, conjunctivitis, and vomiting.

Meningitis, Weil's Syndrome (kidney/liver damage, jaundice, anemia, neurological problems).

Exposure to contaminated water (especially after floods/disasters).

Antibiotics, early treatment is crucial.

Protective clothing & avoid wading/swimming in contaminated water (especially near animals).

Urinary tract infection is more common in women due to a shorter urethra and proximity to the anus, increasing the risk of bacteria entering the bladder.

A bladder infection, a type of UTI.

A kidney infection, a more serious type of UTI.

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the most common cause of UTIs, differing from diarrheal E. coli, with specific virulence factors (fimbriae, motility).

Gram-positive bacteria, second most common cause of UTIs in sexually active young women.

Gram-negative bacteria that causes UTIs and can form kidney stones due to urease production.

Zoonotic disease caused by the Leptospira interrogans spirochete, typically transmitted to humans from infected animal urine.

Burning upon urination (dysuria), frequent urination, pain in the pubic area, fever, nausea.

Frequent bladder emptying, wiping from front to back (females), cranberry juice (discourages bacteria attachment).

To prevent Leptospirosis, wear protective clothing and avoid swimming or wading in natural water sources that are frequented by animals.

These factors increase the likelihood of getting a UTI. They include low fluid intake, sexual intercourse, poor hygiene, bladder or kidney stones, pregnancy, menopause, diabetes mellitus, catheters, and urinary tract birth defects.

Women have a shorter urethra, making it easier for bacteria to travel from the outside to the bladder.

Drink 2 L of water daily, urinate frequently, completely empty your bladder when you go, and urinate after sex to reduce the risk of UTIs.

Burning sensation during urination, frequent urination, painful pressure in the lower abdomen, foul-smelling urine, and sometimes blood in the urine.

A GP will typically prescribe antibiotics to speed up recovery and prevent complications like kidney infections.

If left untreated, UTIs can spread to the kidneys, leading to a more serious infection called pyelonephritis.

Bacteria, especially E. coli, are the most common culprits. They can enter the urinary tract through the urethra.

Women have a shorter urethra, making it easier for bacteria to travel from the anus to the bladder.

Cystitis, or a bladder infection, is usually caused by bacteria ascending from the gastrointestinal tract into the bladder via the urethra.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common cause of UTIs. It's a different strain of E. coli than the one that causes diarrhea.

This spirochete bacterium is the cause of Leptospirosis, a zoonotic infection transmitted through contact with contaminated animal urine.

Leptospirosis is transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated animal urine, often in water sources like rivers, streams, or swimming pools.

Symptoms of Cystitis include burning pain during urination (dysuria), frequent urination, pain in the pubic area, fever, and nausea.

Preventing UTIs involves simple practices such as frequent bladder emptying, wiping from front to back (for females), and drinking cranberry juice to help prevent bacteria attachment.