Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Quiz

A bacterial infection of the kidneys, usually caused by an ascending urinary tract infection (UTI). It's more common in women due to their shorter urethras.

A common cause of pyelonephritis, particularly in women, where bacteria from the bladder travel upwards to the kidneys.

Bacteria commonly responsible for UTIs, particularly in women.

A blockage in the urinary tract that can lead to pyelonephritis. Examples include pregnancy, kidney stones, enlarged prostate, or catheters.

A sudden onset of chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the back or side (flank).

A sign of pyelonephritis where the kidneys are tender and enlarged when touched.

A physical exam technique used to assess for kidney tenderness. A sharp blow to the back, over the kidneys.

The process of identifying the specific bacteria causing a urinary tract infection.

Hard masses that form in the urinary tract, causing obstruction and pain.

The condition of having kidney stones, affecting approximately 1 in 1000 people each year.

An infection of the bladder, being one of the two lower UTI types.

An infection of the urethra, being one of the two lower UTI types.

The most common way a UTI starts. Bacteria travel up the urethra, possibly reaching the bladder, ureters, and kidneys.

UTIs can affect one or both kidneys, ureters, or bladders, depending on whether the organ is paired or not.

A viral cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), usually in the urethra, leading to painful urination and difficulty emptying the bladder.

Fungal infections of the urinary tract, often called yeast infections, usually occurring in people with weakened immune systems. Candida albicans is a common yeast responsible for these infections.

Kidney stones are mineral deposits that can develop in the kidneys, potentially serving as a breeding ground for Proteus bacteria, which can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs).

A range of parasites, including certain types of worms, can infect the urinary tract.

The most common cause of UTIs, especially in women, these bacteria are found in the lower intestine.

Urethritis that is not caused by gonorrhea, a common STI.

A common cause of urethritis in men, often caused by sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea or chlamydia.

Inflammation or narrowing of the urethra due to scar tissue formation, potentially caused by untreated urethritis.

A serious complication of untreated urethritis that can lead to kidney infection.

A physical assessment technique used to check for tenderness in the kidney region.

A sample of urethral discharge is taken and tested to identify the specific organism causing the infection.

Kidney stones are solid masses that form in the kidneys. They can be made of different substances, including calcium, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. They are usually asymptomatic until they block urine flow.

Kidney stones may cause severe, intermittent pain in the back and flanks, called renal colic. Other symptoms are hematuria (blood in urine), frequency, urgency, dysuria (painful urination), urinary retention, nausea, vomiting, sweating, chills, and fever (if infection is present).

Uric acid stones are a type of kidney stone that form due to high uric acid levels in the urine. This can be caused by factors like high protein intake, dehydration, gout, and certain medications.

Struvite stones are a type of kidney stone that form in the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI). They are also known as "infection stones" because they are closely linked to infections.

Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stone, accounting for about 80% of cases. They are formed from calcium and oxalate, which is found in many foods.

Glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the glomeruli, the filtering units in the kidneys. It causes damage to the glomeruli, affecting their ability to filter blood. This can lead to various complications, including nephrotic and nephritic syndromes.

Nephrotic syndrome is a type of glomerulonephritis characterized by significant protein leakage from the kidneys due to damaged glomeruli. This results in proteinuria (protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids), and edema (swelling).

Nephritic syndrome is another type of glomerulonephritis characterized by inflammation and damage to the glomeruli. This leads to blood leakage from the kidneys, resulting in hematuria (blood in urine), oliguria (reduced urine output), and other complications.

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a sudden inflammation of the glomeruli. It usually presents as nephritic syndrome and is often linked to recent infections, particularly strep infections.

Chronic glomerulonephritis is a long-term inflammation of the glomeruli. It can be caused by several factors, including untreated AGN, certain systemic diseases, and hereditary conditions. It progresses slowly and can lead to kidney failure.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that causes cysts to form in the kidneys, gradually damaging them over time. It causes the kidneys to enlarge while reducing their function. It can be autosomal dominant or recessive, with different severity.

Massage is contraindicated for acute glomerulonephritis and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) during active stages due to possible complications. However, for chronic glomerulonephritis, gentle massage may be beneficial with careful consideration of specific conditions and patient's overall health.

Early recognition of kidney disorders is crucial for appropriate treatment and patient safety. Practitioners should be aware of common symptoms and contraindications related to kidney issues to avoid inappropriate massage techniques.

Kidney inflammation often presents with lower thoracic and upper lumbar pain, which can be mistaken for muscle strain. Careful screening should be done to rule out kidney issues before attributing pain solely to muscular imbalances.

Individuals with edema due to kidney disorders should avoid systemic circulatory massage as it can further stress the kidneys. Massage can be beneficial for post-acute kidney patients with guarded back and core muscles to ease muscle tension and promote relaxation.