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Urinary System: The Nephron and Its Components

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Urinary System: The Nephron and Its Components

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate number of nephrons in each human kidney?

Five hundred thousand

Five million

Two million

One million (correct)

What is the main function of the podocytes in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule?

Phagocytosis of waste

Preventing rupture of glomerular capillaries (correct)

Reabsorption of water

Filtration of blood

Which part of the nephron is not a part of the nephron but nephrons empty into it?

Proximal convoluted tubule

Renal corpuscle

Collecting tubule (correct)

Distal convoluted tubule

What is the composition of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule?

Simple squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the capillary loops in the glomerulus?

They are highly fenestrated Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the epithelium in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Simple cuboidal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cells in the proximal convoluted tubule?

To reabsorb protein, water, sodium ions, and nutrients from the filtrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule?

The cells in the proximal convoluted tubule have a brush border, while the cells in the distal convoluted tubule do not Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the loop of Henle has a lining similar to the proximal convoluted tubule?

Thick descending Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the macula densa in the distal convoluted tubule?

To regulate the secretion of renin as it gives information to other cells in the wall of afferent arteriole Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the loop of Henle?

To further concentrate the urine by the removal of additional water by osmotic diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule at the point where it is adjacent to the afferent and efferent arterioles?

It becomes taller and columnar Signup and view all the answers