Kidney Function and Anatomy Quiz

Kidneys filter blood, producing urine and maintaining electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and red blood cell production.

Kidneys are located retroperitoneally (behind the lining of the abdominal cavity), bean-shaped, reddish organs.

Layer of tissue that supports the kidney, anchoring it to the abdominal wall.

Innermost layer of tissue surrounding each kidney.

Groove where ureter and blood vessels connect to the kidney.

The microscopic functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine.

Part of a nephron, filtering blood. Consists of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

Part of a nephron, reabsorbing and secreting. Consists of PCT, Loop of Henle, and DCT.

Carries urine from nephrons to the renal pelvis.

Inner part of kidney that has the nephron loops and collecting ducts.

A specialized structure in the kidney that regulates blood pressure by releasing renin.

Blood vessels that carry blood to the kidneys.

A ball of capillaries within the kidney where blood filtration occurs.

The process where blood pressure forces small molecules like water, glucose, and waste products from the blood into the glomerular capsule.

The fluid that is filtered from the blood in the glomerulus, containing water, amino acids, glucose, ions, and waste products.

Narrow tubes that use peristalsis (muscle contractions) to move urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Kidney stones that can obstruct urine flow, requiring treatment like removal or breaking them up.

A hollow, muscular organ that stores urine, expanding as it fills and collapsing when empty.

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

A serious condition where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste, often caused by high blood pressure, kidney trauma, or infections.

A laboratory test to examine urine composition, revealing potential health problems.

Mostly water, ions, and waste products. Should not contain glucose, protein, blood cells, or bacteria.

Up to 75% of nephrons are damaged, but other nephrons compensate, often causing no noticeable symptoms.

More than 75% of nephrons are damaged, leading to significant kidney dysfunction and requiring treatment.

An artificial filtration process used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood for people with kidney failure.

Aldosterone, a hormone, increases the reabsorption of sodium (Na⁺) and water in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. More ADH leads to more water reabsorption, resulting in concentrated urine.

When the blood becomes too acidic, the kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions (H⁺) into the urine, helping to restore the blood's pH balance.

Diuretics are substances, typically medications, that increase urine production by promoting water excretion from the body.

Gout is a condition caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, resulting in painful inflammation.

The process of releasing urine from the bladder.

Loss of voluntary control over urination.

Inability to eliminate urine normally.

Inflammation or infection of the bladder.

Inflammation or infection of the kidneys.