Kidney Function and Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of the kidneys related to blood production?

  • Regulation of ion levels
  • Excretion of wastes
  • Production of erythropoietin (correct)
  • Production of calcitriol
  • Which layer surrounds each kidney and is the innermost protective layer?

  • Fibrous capsule (correct)
  • Renal capsule
  • Renal fascia
  • Paranephric fat
  • Where are the kidneys located in the body?

  • Laterally next to the bladder
  • Retroperitoneally in the back (correct)
  • Anteriorly in the thoracic cavity
  • Intraperitoneally in the pelvis
  • What structure acts as the attachment point for the ureter and blood vessels on the kidney?

    <p>Hilum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT performed by the urinary system?

    <p>Digestion of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidneys?

    <p>Filter blood and form urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is closest to the glomerulus?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure collects urine from several nephrons?

    <p>Collecting duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the renal cortex and medulla?

    <p>Cortex is the outer region, while medulla is the inner region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the glomerular capsule?

    <p>Surround and protect the glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Regulates blood pressure by secreting renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for bringing blood to the glomerulus?

    <p>Afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which step of urine formation does glomerular filtration occur?

    <p>Glomerular filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the filtrate primarily contain after glomerular filtration?

    <p>Water, amino acids, glucose, ions, and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the renal vein?

    <p>Carries filtered blood away from the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT reabsorbed in the nephron?

    <p>Uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

    <p>Increases reabsorption of Na⁺ and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for regulating the concentration of urine?

    <p>Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if blood pH becomes too acidic in terms of H⁺ secretion?

    <p>More H⁺ is secreted to lower pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diuretics?

    <p>To increase urine excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of normal urine?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily urine production for adults?

    <p>1-2 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes urine to have a reddish color?

    <p>Certain medications and foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of chronic renal failure requires dialysis or a kidney transplant?

    <p>End-stage renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH level characteristic of normal urine?

    <p>Approximately 6.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ureters?

    <p>To transport urine from kidneys to bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is NOT associated with renal calculi?

    <p>Diuretic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true of the urinary bladder?

    <p>It has walls that stretch when filled with urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the male urethra from the female urethra?

    <p>Length and function in semen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT associated with chronic renal failure?

    <p>Inflamed prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical capacity range of a healthy adult bladder?

    <p>200-400 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by painful urination?

    <p>Dysuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of urinary tract infection affects the bladder?

    <p>Cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with urinary tract infections?

    <p>Frequent urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by lack of voluntary control over urination?

    <p>Incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

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