Podcast
Questions and Answers
Name the 4 organs of the urinary system.
Name the 4 organs of the urinary system.
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
The kidneys are held in place by the...
The kidneys are held in place by the...
adipose capsule.
Backup of urine into the kidneys is called...
Backup of urine into the kidneys is called...
hydronephrosis.
Abnormally low urine output of 100 ml to 400 ml/day is called...
Abnormally low urine output of 100 ml to 400 ml/day is called...
The pigment that gives urine its color is called...
The pigment that gives urine its color is called...
The triangular region of the bladder that is outlined by two openings of the ureter and urethra is called...
The triangular region of the bladder that is outlined by two openings of the ureter and urethra is called...
Urinary bladder infection is called...
Urinary bladder infection is called...
Name the 4 functions of the kidney.
Name the 4 functions of the kidney.
Each kidney contains about ____ nephrons.
Each kidney contains about ____ nephrons.
What is the function of a nephron?
What is the function of a nephron?
Provide the pathway of the arterial blood supply through the kidney.
Provide the pathway of the arterial blood supply through the kidney.
Is blood pressure in the glomerulus high or low?
Is blood pressure in the glomerulus high or low?
Give 4 characteristics of normal urine.
Give 4 characteristics of normal urine.
What is the gravity of normal urine?
What is the gravity of normal urine?
A noninvasive treatment of kidney stones is called...
A noninvasive treatment of kidney stones is called...
Why is the bladder able to expand?
Why is the bladder able to expand?
How much urine is the bladder usually full with?
How much urine is the bladder usually full with?
The voluntary sphincter associated with the urethra is called...
The voluntary sphincter associated with the urethra is called...
Describe 4 symptoms of a typical urinary infection.
Describe 4 symptoms of a typical urinary infection.
What is the enlargement of the prostate gland called?
What is the enlargement of the prostate gland called?
How many liters of blood plasma does the kidney process in 24 hours?
How many liters of blood plasma does the kidney process in 24 hours?
Name the 4 major roles of the kidney.
Name the 4 major roles of the kidney.
How much of a healthy young adult weight is water weight?
How much of a healthy young adult weight is water weight?
The hormone that acts on the kidney to regulate sodium ion in the ECF is...
The hormone that acts on the kidney to regulate sodium ion in the ECF is...
What percent of sodium is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
What percent of sodium is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
What is a polycystic kidney condition?
What is a polycystic kidney condition?
What is the average output of urine per day for adults?
What is the average output of urine per day for adults?
What is the most common urinary tract infection?
What is the most common urinary tract infection?
Name the functions of the bladder, urethra, renal artery, and ureter.
Name the functions of the bladder, urethra, renal artery, and ureter.
Describe these terms: cortex, medulla, calyx, renal capsule, renal column, and renal pelvis.
Describe these terms: cortex, medulla, calyx, renal capsule, renal column, and renal pelvis.
Describe these 4 parts: glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, and parietal capillaries.
Describe these 4 parts: glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, and parietal capillaries.
Why is the glomerulus such a high-pressure capillary bed?
Why is the glomerulus such a high-pressure capillary bed?
How does high pressure condition aid its function of filtrate formation?
How does high pressure condition aid its function of filtrate formation?
What structural modification of certain tubule cells enhance their ability to reabsorb substances from the filtrate?
What structural modification of certain tubule cells enhance their ability to reabsorb substances from the filtrate?
Trace the anatomical pathway of a creatinine molecule from the glomerular capsule to the urethra.
Trace the anatomical pathway of a creatinine molecule from the glomerular capsule to the urethra.
List 3 nitrogenous wastes that are routinely found in urine.
List 3 nitrogenous wastes that are routinely found in urine.
List 3 substances that are absent from the filtrate and urine of healthy adults.
List 3 substances that are absent from the filtrate and urine of healthy adults.
List 2 substances that are routinely found in filtrate but not in urine product.
List 2 substances that are routinely found in filtrate but not in urine product.
How does a urinary tract infection influence urine pH?
How does a urinary tract infection influence urine pH?
How does starvation influence urine pH?
How does starvation influence urine pH?
State these abnormal urine conditions: blood in urine, hemolytic anemia, eating too much candy in one sitting, pregnancy, starvation, urinary tract infection.
State these abnormal urine conditions: blood in urine, hemolytic anemia, eating too much candy in one sitting, pregnancy, starvation, urinary tract infection.
What conditions favor kidney stones?
What conditions favor kidney stones?
Why does urine become alkaline and cloudy standing at room temperature?
Why does urine become alkaline and cloudy standing at room temperature?
Study Notes
Urinary System Overview
- Key organs of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
- Kidneys are supported by the adipose capsule.
- Backup of urine into the kidneys is called hydronephrosis.
Urine Characteristics and Production
- Oliguria refers to an abnormally low urine output of 100 ml to 400 ml per day.
- Urachrome is the pigment responsible for urine's color.
- Normal urine characteristics: sterile, denser than water, slight odor, contains ammonia.
- Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.001 to 1.005.
- Average adult urine output is around 1500 ml/day.
- Urine's pH can be influenced by conditions such as urinary tract infections or starvation.
Kidney Functions and Structure
- Four primary functions of the kidneys: urine formation, vitamin D conversion, waste disposal, blood volume regulation.
- Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons, which are responsible for filtering urine.
- Blood pressure in the glomerulus is high, facilitating effective filtration.
Nephron Components
- Nephrons have several parts: glomerulus (filtration site), proximal convoluted tubule (tubular reabsorption), and collecting duct (conveys urine).
- Podocytes on tubule cells enhance reabsorption capabilities.
- The anatomical path of creatinine from glomerular capsule to urethra includes key structures like the proximal convoluted tubule and renal pelvis.
Urinary Tract and Bladder
- The bladder's trigone is defined by openings of the ureters and urethra.
- Urinary bladder infection known as cystitis.
- Bladder typically holds around 500 ml of urine and can expand due to its transitional epithelium.
Blood and Hormonal Regulation
- The kidneys process between 150-180 liters of blood plasma daily.
- Aldosterone regulates sodium ions in the extracellular fluid.
- Approximately 80% of sodium is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule.
Common Disorders and Symptoms
- E. coli is the most common pathogen responsible for urinary tract infections.
- Symptoms of urinary infections include dysuria, urgency, frequency, and cloudy urine.
- Prostate gland enlargement is referred to as hypertrophy.
Abnormal Urine Conditions
- Hematuria refers to blood in urine, while hemoglobinuria occurs with hemolytic anemia.
- Glycosuria is associated with excessive sugar intake, and albuminuria can occur during pregnancy.
- Ketones in urine, known as ketonuria, are often present during starvation.
- Higher concentrations of solutes and alkaline urine favor kidney stone formation.
Urine Changes over Time
- Urine can become alkaline and cloudy when standing due to bacterial breakdown of urea into ammonia.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the urinary system with these flashcards. The questions cover various aspects, including the organs involved and common conditions related to urinary health. Perfect for students studying anatomy or anyone interested in human biology.
