Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
- Cleansing the blood of metabolic wastes (correct)
- Regulation of body temperature
- Absorption of nutrients
- Production of hormones
Which organ is NOT a part of the urinary system?
Which organ is NOT a part of the urinary system?
- Urinary bladder
- Pancreas (correct)
- Ureters
- Kidneys
Which part of the kidney contains the glomeruli and Bowman's capsules?
Which part of the kidney contains the glomeruli and Bowman's capsules?
- Medulla
- Pelvis
- Hilum
- Cortex (correct)
What structure in the kidney serves as the entry and exit point for blood vessels and nerves?
What structure in the kidney serves as the entry and exit point for blood vessels and nerves?
What is the approximate rate of plasma fluid filtration in the kidneys?
What is the approximate rate of plasma fluid filtration in the kidneys?
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
Which statement is true regarding the position of the kidneys?
Which statement is true regarding the position of the kidneys?
What is maintained by the urinary system in addition to waste removal?
What is maintained by the urinary system in addition to waste removal?
What is the primary function of the bladder?
What is the primary function of the bladder?
Which structure is responsible for draining blood from the kidneys?
Which structure is responsible for draining blood from the kidneys?
What is the approximate length of the ureters in centimeters?
What is the approximate length of the ureters in centimeters?
Which part of the bladder is considered the narrowest?
Which part of the bladder is considered the narrowest?
How does the capacity of a full bladder compare to its normal capacity?
How does the capacity of a full bladder compare to its normal capacity?
What structure in the urinary system has a triangular area called the trigonum vesicae on its internal surface?
What structure in the urinary system has a triangular area called the trigonum vesicae on its internal surface?
What is the total length of the male urethra in centimeters?
What is the total length of the male urethra in centimeters?
Which structure is involved in the process of reabsorption in the nephron?
Which structure is involved in the process of reabsorption in the nephron?
Flashcards
Urine formation
Urine formation
The process where the kidneys remove waste products from blood and form urine.
Reabsorption
Reabsorption
The movement of water, glucose, and electrolytes back into the bloodstream from the renal tubules.
Excretion
Excretion
The process by which waste products are moved from the capillaries into the renal tubules to be excreted in urine.
Renal artery
Renal artery
The artery that supplies blood to the kidney, branching from the abdominal aorta.
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Ureter
Ureter
The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.
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Bladder
Bladder
A muscular organ that stores urine before elimination.
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Urethra
Urethra
The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
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Sphincter muscle
Sphincter muscle
The muscle that controls the flow of urine from the bladder.
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Blood Filtration
Blood Filtration
The process of removing waste products and excess fluids from the blood to form urine.
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Nephrons
Nephrons
The functional units of the kidneys, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons.
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Renal Cortex
Renal Cortex
The outer layer of the kidney, containing the glomeruli and Bowman's capsules, where blood filtration occurs.
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Renal Medulla
Renal Medulla
The inner layer of the kidney, containing the renal pyramids, where urine is collected and transported to the renal pelvis.
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Renal Pelvis
Renal Pelvis
The funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the renal pyramids and directs it to the ureter.
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Calyces
Calyces
The small cup-like structures in the kidney that collect urine from the renal pyramids.
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Glomerular Filtration
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage of urine formation, where plasma fluid is filtered from the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule.
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Electrolyte Balance
Electrolyte Balance
The process of maintaining the appropriate balance of electrolytes, like sodium and potassium, in the blood.
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Urinary System
- The urinary system transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
- In women, the ovaries are near the kidneys.
- Kidneys send urine through tubes called ureters to the bladder.
- The bladder is a reservoir for urine.
Kidney Functions
- Kidneys filter blood and remove waste products.
- They maintain electrolyte balance.
- They maintain acid-base balance.
- They regulate blood volume and blood pressure.
- They activate Vitamin D.
- Kidneys produce erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production).
- Kidneys produce hormones, such as creatinine etc.
Location of Kidneys
- Kidneys are located in the upper part of the posterior abdominal wall, on either side of the spinal column.
- The right kidney is at the level of T12 to L3.
- The left kidney is at the level of T11 to L2.
- The left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney.
Ureter Structure
- The ureters are tubes about 25-30 cm long.
- They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
- Ureters pass through the linea terminalis.
- They travel along the lateral wall of the pelvis.
Bladder Structure
- The bladder is a reservoir for urine.
- It is located posterior to the symphysis pubis.
- In females, the bladder is anterior to the uterus; in males, anterior to the rectum.
- The normal bladder capacity is about 220 mL, but can hold up to 500 mL.
- When empty, the bladder is located in the pelvis minor; when full, it can extend up to the umbilicus.
Urethra Structure
- In males, the urethra is 20 cm long.
- In females, the urethra is 3-5 cm long.
- The urethra has two sphincters (internal and external).
Kidney Structure
- Kidneys contain functional units called nephrons.
- Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons.
- Nephrons create urine.
Urine Formation
- Urine formation has three stages: filtration, reabsorption, and excretion.
- Filtration occurs in the glomerulus.
- Reabsorption returns necessary substances to the bloodstream.
- Excretion eliminates metabolic waste products from the blood.
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