Urinary System Overview

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What is the primary function of the ureters in the urinary system?

To filter waste and excess substances from the blood
To carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder (correct)
To store urine temporarily
To regulate water balance in the body

Which of the following is NOT a typical component of urine?

Erythropoietin (correct)
Urea
Electrolytes
Water

What is the structure of the urinary bladder that allows it to store urine?

A narrow, muscular tube
A muscular, elastic wall (correct)
A rigid, bony structure
A thin, epithelial layer

How is water balance maintained in the body?

Through the maintenance of blood plasma volume and composition (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys maintain electrolyte balance in the body?

Through the reabsorption of electrolytes in the nephron (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the afferent glomerular arteriole when the macula densa detects elevated Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations?

It constricts, decreasing GFR (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the afferent glomerular arteriole when systemic blood pressure decreases?

It constricts, decreasing GFR (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased urine formation due to elevated glomerular blood pressure?

Water excretion and decreased blood volume (B) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular complex?

Reduced GFR (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate effect of decreased GFR on water balance and blood pressure?

Increased water conservation and increased blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on systemic arterioles?

Constriction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of natriuretic peptides in the regulation of GFR?

Increase GFR and inhibit Na+ reabsorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on aldosterone secretion?

Stimulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the renin-angiotensin mechanism on blood pressure?

Maintained blood pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of natriuretic peptides on urine volume?

Increased urine volume (B) Signup and view all the answers

What forces water and solutes from blood plasma into the glomerular capsules?

Increased permeability of glomerular capillary walls and elevated blood pressure within the glomeruli (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the tubular reabsorption process?

Removing useful substances from tubular fluid and returning them to blood plasma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fluid within the glomerular capsule after glomerular filtration?

Glomerular filtrate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do plasma proteins and formed elements rarely pass through the glomerular capillary walls?

Due to the cellular extensions from podocytes that wrap around the capillaries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the difference in diameter between the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles?

Elevated glomerular blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the renal pelvis in the urinary system?

To store urine temporarily before it enters the ureter (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the connective tissue that protects the kidneys?

Adipose tissue, renal fascia, and fibrous capsule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nephrons in the kidneys?

To filter waste and excess fluids from the blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Production of hormones for digestion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the site where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and ureter exit or enter the kidney?

Hilum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the interlobar arteries?

To branch into segmental arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures surrounds the nephron loops and collecting ducts within the renal medulla?

Vasa recta (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate function of the renal vein?

To carry blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex?

To regulate blood pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the peritubular capillary network in the nephron?

To surround the cortical portion of the renal tubule (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the nephron?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the vasa recta surrounding the nephron loops and collecting ducts within the renal medulla?

Increased urine formation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the macula densa in the juxtaglomerular complex?

To detect changes in sodium and chloride concentrations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the efferent glomerular arteriole in the nephron?

To take blood out of the glomerulus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the segmental arteries in the renal blood supply?

To branch into interlobar arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of an increase in glomerular blood pressure?

Decreased glomerular filtration rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin mechanism in maintaining a stable GFR?

Responding to severe drops in systemic blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the glomerular filtrate?

Same as blood plasma, without plasma proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a decrease in systemic blood pressure on the afferent glomerular arteriole?

Dilation of the arteriole, increasing blood flow into the glomerulus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate rate of glomerular filtration in a healthy individual?

125 ml/min (A) Signup and view all the answers