Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the functional filtration unit of the kidneys?
What is the functional filtration unit of the kidneys?
nephron
What is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney?
What is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney?
Renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries
The junction of the renal medulla and renal cortex is called the?
The junction of the renal medulla and renal cortex is called the?
corticomedullary junction
What do the major calices merge to form?
What do the major calices merge to form?
Where do blood vessels, nerves, and the renal pelvis enter/exit the kidney?
Where do blood vessels, nerves, and the renal pelvis enter/exit the kidney?
What are the two components of a nephron?
What are the two components of a nephron?
Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
What is the correct sequence for parts of the renal tubule?
What is the correct sequence for parts of the renal tubule?
How can cortical nephrons be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons?
How can cortical nephrons be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons?
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus monitor?
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus monitor?
What are the main functions of the urinary system?
What are the main functions of the urinary system?
Where are blood vessels and the renal calices located?
Where are blood vessels and the renal calices located?
The renal cortex is more superficial than the renal medulla.
The renal cortex is more superficial than the renal medulla.
Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions.
Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions.
What is the collective name for the layers of muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?
What is the collective name for the layers of muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?
Where is urine formed?
Where is urine formed?
Which of the following is one of the processes in urine formation?
Which of the following is one of the processes in urine formation?
What percentage of glomerular filtrate becomes urine?
What percentage of glomerular filtrate becomes urine?
Where is most of the water in tubular fluid resorbed?
Where is most of the water in tubular fluid resorbed?
What does tubular secretion involve?
What does tubular secretion involve?
What are the components of extracellular fluid?
What are the components of extracellular fluid?
What are the components of intracellular fluid?
What are the components of intracellular fluid?
What increases water levels?
What increases water levels?
What decreases water levels?
What decreases water levels?
What causes water gain?
What causes water gain?
What causes water loss?
What causes water loss?
What is hypohydration regulation?
What is hypohydration regulation?
The external urethral sphincter is under ___________ control.
The external urethral sphincter is under ___________ control.
Sympathetic impulses cause the smooth muscle of the bladder wall to contract.
Sympathetic impulses cause the smooth muscle of the bladder wall to contract.
What causes relaxation of the external urethral sphincter?
What causes relaxation of the external urethral sphincter?
The micturition reflex involves impulses from the bladder traveling to which region of the spinal cord?
The micturition reflex involves impulses from the bladder traveling to which region of the spinal cord?
What causes an increase in the frequency of action potentials from the bladder to the spinal cord?
What causes an increase in the frequency of action potentials from the bladder to the spinal cord?
What is renal secretion?
What is renal secretion?
Describe renal filtration.
Describe renal filtration.
When does reabsorption in the kidney occur?
When does reabsorption in the kidney occur?
All substances filtered from the blood by the nephron are excreted in the urine.
All substances filtered from the blood by the nephron are excreted in the urine.
The kidneys are located retroperitoneally. This means they are _____ the peritoneum.
The kidneys are located retroperitoneally. This means they are _____ the peritoneum.
Match the following components with their respective flow of urine:
Match the following components with their respective flow of urine:
The urinary system is involved in the regulation of:
The urinary system is involved in the regulation of:
What increases filtration?
What increases filtration?
What decreases filtration?
What decreases filtration?
Study Notes
Urinary System Overview
- Nephron is the functional filtration unit of the kidneys.
- The primary functions include waste removal and regulation of water and electrolyte balance.
Kidney Structure and Blood Flow
- The correct branching sequence of renal arteries: renal artery → segmental arteries → interlobar arteries.
- Corticomedullary junction is the area where renal medulla meets renal cortex.
- Major calices merge to form the renal pelvis; hilum is the entry/exit point for blood vessels, nerves, and the renal pelvis.
- Renal sinus houses blood vessels and renal calices.
Nephron Components
- Nephrons consist of two main parts: renal corpuscle and renal tubule.
- Filtration of blood occurs in the renal corpuscle.
- Renal tubule comprises proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule.
- Cortical nephrons are located in the renal cortex, while juxtamedullary nephrons are found closer to the medulla.
Urine Formation Processes
- Urine formation processes include filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
- Tubular secretion moves substances from capillary blood to tubular fluid.
- Approximately 1% of glomerular filtrate becomes urine; most water is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Substances filtered in the nephron are not all excreted in urine.
Fluid Regulation and Control
- Hypohydration regulation involves a sense of thirst and a series of hormonal responses starting with renin release.
- Water gain is caused by factors like ADH hypersecretion and ingestion of water, while water loss occurs via urination, sweating, and other processes.
- The external urethral sphincter is under somatic control, while the bladder wall's contraction is not due to sympathetic impulses.
Micturition Reflex
- Micturition reflex travels through the sacral region of the spinal cord; distension of the bladder increases action potentials sent to the spinal cord.
- Relaxation of the external urethral sphincter occurs via signals from the brain.
Kidney Location and Functionality
- Kidneys are positioned retroperitoneally, meaning they sit behind the peritoneum.
- Flow of urine progresses through the collecting duct, renal papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- Kidney filtration increases with elevated blood pressure and can decrease due to increased capsular pressure and high plasma protein concentration.
Summary on Fluid Compartments
- Extracellular fluid components include CSF, plasma, and interstitial fluid, while intracellular fluid comprises organelles like nucleus and mitochondrion.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the intricate functions and structures of the urinary system, focusing on nephron components and urine formation processes. This quiz will cover the renal blood flow, the anatomy of the kidneys, and the major functions of the nephron. Test your knowledge on how the urinary system maintains homeostasis in the body.
