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Urinary System Functions and Abnormalities Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone promotes sodium secretion in diabetic kidney disease?

Natriuretic hormone (correct)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What is the primary function of baroreceptors?

Monitor blood pressure in the aorta and carotid sinuses (correct)
Increase red blood cell production
Regulate calcium reabsorption
Release renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Which substance inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Natriuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Caffeine
Alcohol (correct)

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Increase calcium reabsorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is primarily responsible for regulating urine pH?

Hydrogen ions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Increase red blood cell production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the kidney?

To excrete waste and maintain homeostatic balance of the plasma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the macula densa?

To regulate the release of renin based on changes in sodium concentration and flow rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the renal hilum?

To allow the entry and exit of blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureters (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

To fine-tune the reabsorption of substances like sodium, calcium, and hydrogen ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the aquaporin channels in the collecting duct?

To control the reabsorption of water based on the osmolarity of the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

To create a countercurrent mechanism that concentrates the urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

To measure the volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

To efficiently absorb and secrete various solutes through active transport and diffusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of systemic edema?

Excessive protein filtration into the urine, leading to decreased osmotic pressure in the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of oliguria (low urine output)?

Kidney failure, obstruction (stone or tumor), or enlarged prostate (A) Signup and view all the answers

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