Medical Terminology: Urinary System and Blood Flow in Nephron
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the urinary system?

  • Control heart rate
  • Produce red blood cells
  • Regulate body temperature
  • Regulate blood pH (correct)

    • Where are the kidneys located?

  • Intraperitoneal space
  • Within the chest cavity
  • Attached to the liver
  • Retroperitoneal space (correct)

    • Why is the right kidney smaller than the left?

  • To regulate electrolyte balance
  • To accommodate the liver on the right side of the body (correct)
  • Due to different functions performed by each kidney
  • Because it receives less blood flow

    • Which structure is NOT part of the urinary system?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the renal arteries?

    <p>To carry blood from the heart to the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the renal papilla lead to?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stays in the glomeruli during the filtration process?

    <p>Proteins and blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the filtered blood leave the kidneys?

    <p>Renal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ureters?

    <p>Transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the urinary system?

    <p>To remove waste products and medicines from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the efferent arteriole in the nephron?

    <p>Connect the glomerulus and the peritubular capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might higher amounts of protein found in urine indicate?

    <p>Damage to the glomeruli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ stores urine in humans before disposal?

    <p>Urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the color of urine according to the text?

    <p>The breakdown products of red blood cell destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might dehydration affect the color of urine?

    <p>Produce a darker, concentrated hue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is significant about the urethra compared to other urologic organs?

    <p>It is identical in males and females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urinary system is also known as the digestive tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys are roughly the size of a basketball.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right kidney is larger than the left kidney.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of the urinary system is to regulate blood pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal medulla contains 15 to 16 rectangular structures known as medullary pyramids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each kidney is composed of the renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal papilla is the structure where urine is transported to the calyces of the kidney for excretion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The filtered blood leaves the kidneys through the renal artery to circulate through the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of chloride ions back into the blood in the distal tubule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The antidiuretic hormone increases urine production by promoting water excretion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bowman’s capsule encloses the glomerulus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Efferent arterioles lead towards the glomerulus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An MRI is a procedure used to produce an image by the creation of a magnetic field to give detailed information about the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A renal biopsy involves the removal of a small piece of tissue to be used for microscopic examination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dialysis is a procedure in which shock waves are used to crush stones in the gallbladder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A urethrogram is a procedure used to visualize the bladder after the introduction of a contrast material.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of aldosterone in the nephron?

    <p>Promotes reabsorption of sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure leads away from the glomerulus?

    <p>Efferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antidiuretic hormone in the urinary system?

    <p>Decreases urine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the glomerular filtration rate test determine?

    <p>Amount of plasma flowing through the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the loop of Henle in the kidneys?

    <p>Re-absorb water and salts from urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the nephron is responsible for draining urine into the collecting tubules?

    <p>Proximal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the renal calyx in the urinary system?

    <p>Collect urine from the renal pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel supplies the kidneys with blood?

    <p>Renal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pyelogram visualize?

    <p>Kidney and pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a cystoscopy?

    <p>Visualize the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an intravenous pyelogram?

    <p>An x-ray of the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic study helps in determining the size, shape, and location of the kidneys?

    <p>KUB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a nephrologist and a urologist?

    <p>Nephrologists specialize in kidney diseases while urologists treat urinary tract and reproductive system conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of afferent arterioles in the urinary system?

    <p>Lead into the glomerulus for filtration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the urinary system assist in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>By producing urine to remove waste products and regulate fluid balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the structures of the urinary system in forming and expelling urine?

    <p>The structures aid in removing waste products through urine formation and excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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