Urinary System Chapter 15 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the afferent arteriole do?

Carries blood away from the glomerulus

Carries blood to the glomerulus (correct)

Connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Filters waste from the blood

What is Bowman's capsule?

Site of filtration in the kidney that contains water, salts, glucose, urea, and amino acids.

What is the cortex of the kidney?

Outer parenchyma of the kidney that contains the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron.

What is another term for Gerota's fascia?

Renal fascia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hilus of the kidney?

Area of the kidney where vessels, ureter, and lymphatics enter and exit. Signup and view all the answers

What do major calyces do?

Receive urine from the minor calyces to convey it to the renal pelvis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nephron?

Functional unit of the kidney; includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. Signup and view all the answers

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal pelvis?

Area in the midportion of the kidney that collects urine before entering the ureter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal hilum?

Area in the midportion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit. Signup and view all the answers

The urinary system has two principal functions: excreting _ and regulating the composition of __.

wastes; blood. Signup and view all the answers

The right kidney lies slightly than the left kidney because the large right lobe of the liver pushes it .

lower; inferior. Signup and view all the answers

Both urea and uric acid are carried away from the liver into the kidneys by the _________ system.

vascular. Signup and view all the answers

What is hydronephrosis?

Dilation of the renal collecting system. Signup and view all the answers

What does specific gravity measure?

The kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common medical renal disease that produces acute renal failure?

Acute tubular necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary types of chronic renal failure?

Nephron; vascular; interstitial abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ureters?

To carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes horseshoe kidney?

Both kidneys joined by an isthmus Signup and view all the answers

The renal capsule is the innermost layer surrounding the kidney.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urinary System Overview

The primary function of the urinary system is to excrete wastes and regulate blood composition.
The kidneys adjust water and electrolyte levels to maintain homeostasis.

Kidney Anatomy

The afferent arteriole carries blood to the glomerulus; the efferent arteriole carries blood away.
Bowman's capsule is the filtration site, containing water, salts, glucose, urea, and amino acids.
The renal cortex houses renal corpuscles and tubules, forming the kidney's outer region.
Gerota's fascia (renal fascia) provides an outer covering along with the renal capsule and perirenal fat.
The hilus is the area where vessels, ureters, and lymphatics enter/exit the kidney.
Major and minor calyces collect and convey urine from the renal pyramids to the renal pelvis.

Nephron Structure

The nephron is the kidney's functional unit, comprising a renal corpuscle and renal tubule.
The renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus for filtration surrounded by Bowman's capsule.
The loop of Henle facilitates reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and chloride.

Kidney Function and Measurements

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) measures nitrogenous waste in the blood; elevated levels indicate renal impairment.
Creatinine levels assess kidney waste removal efficiency.
Specific gravity tests urine concentration, indicating the kidney's ability to concentrate urine.

Conditions and Anomalies

Hydronephrosis refers to dilation of the renal collecting system; it can result from obstruction.
Renal agenesis is the absence of one or both kidneys due to developmental interruption.
Horseshoe kidney involves both kidneys fused at the lower poles during fetal development.
Urolithiasis is the presence of stones in the urinary system, often causing pain and cramping.

Pathological Findings

Pyonephrosis is characterized by pus in the obstructed renal system.
Nephrocalcinosis involves diffuse calcium deposits in the kidney's medulla.
Acute obstruction can show elevated resistive index values in intrarenal vessels.

Diagnostic Imaging

Sonographic features like well-defined echogenic masses suggest renal tumors, such as angiomyolipoma.
Hydronephrosis presents as fluid-filled areas in the renal sinus, conforming to anatomical structures.
Color Doppler imaging is effective in visualizing ureteral jets, assisting in diagnosing obstructions.

Anatomic Relationships

The anterior surface of the left kidney is adjacent to the left adrenal gland, spleen, and other structures.
The right kidney has relationships with the right adrenal gland, liver, and duodenum.

Miscellaneous

Dromedary hump is a normal variant seen as a bulge on the left kidney's lateral border.
Morphological changes like abnormal renal contour can indicate the presence of tumors or other diseases.

Summary

The urinary system plays a critical role in metabolic waste removal, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation.
Knowledge of renal anatomy, function, and common pathologies is essential for understanding urinary system disorders.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key terms and definitions related to the urinary system with our Chapter 15 flashcards. This quiz will help you understand critical concepts such as the anatomy and functions involved in kidney processes. Perfect for students studying anatomy or related health fields.