Urinary System Anatomy Quiz

The urinary system is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood volume and pressure, maintaining ion balance, storing and excreting urine, and assisting in erythrocyte production and vitamin D activation.

The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are the four main organs of the urinary system.

The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on either side of the vertebral column, between the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae.

The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney, characterized by a granular and reddish-brown appearance. It contains the glomeruli, where filtration occurs.

The renal medulla is the inner layer of the kidney, darker in color than the cortex. It contains the renal pyramids, which are responsible for urine concentration.

The renal pyramids are cone-shaped structures within the renal medulla that play a crucial role in urine concentration.

The renal papilla is the apex of the renal pyramid, which projects into the minor calyx.

The minor calyx is a funnel-shaped space that collects urine from the renal papilla.

The ureters are two tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted.

The basic functional unit of the kidney.

A network of capillaries within the renal corpuscle where blood is filtered.

A double-walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerulus, capturing the filtered fluid.

The first section of the renal tubule, where most reabsorption occurs.

A U-shaped structure in the renal tubule, responsible for concentrating urine.

The final segment of the renal tubule, where further fine-tuning of urine composition takes place.

The specialized cells at the junction of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the afferent arteriole.

The vessel supplying blood to the glomerulus.

The vessel carrying blood away from the glomerulus.

The filtration barrier formed by the glomerular endothelium, podocytes, and their filtration slits.

A specialized network of capillaries surrounding the convoluted tubules in the renal cortex, responsible for reabsorption and secretion.

These capillaries are found specifically around the loop of Henle and collecting ducts, contributing to water reabsorption and concentration of urine.

The functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. It includes the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule.

Specialized smooth muscle cells located in the walls of the afferent arteriole, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure.

A structure formed by JG cells and macula densa, playing a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and filtration rate.

The portion of the nephron responsible for further reabsorption and secretion, connecting to the collecting duct.

Cells in the DCT and collecting ducts that respond to hormones like ADH and aldosterone, playing a role in water and salt balance.

The system of tubules in the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and transports it to the ureters, consisting of connecting tubules, collecting ducts, and papillary ducts.

Fibromuscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

A muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted from the body.

The neck of the bladder is located inferiorly and connected to the urethra.

The detrusor muscle is responsible for squeezing urine out of the bladder.

The mucosa lining the bladder is made of transitional epithelium, which allows it to stretch and contract.

The trigone is a triangular region in the bladder formed by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.

The ureters enter the bladder through oblique openings, which helps prevent backflow of urine.

The internal urethral sphincter is an involuntary muscle that controls the flow of urine from the bladder.

The external urethral sphincter is a voluntary muscle that controls the flow of urine.

The female urethra is shorter than the male urethra and only serves as a passageway for urine.

The male urethra is longer and serves as a passageway for both urine and semen.

The male urethra has three segments—prostatic, membranous, and spongy.