Urinary System Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

  • To produce hormones
  • To assist in maintaining homeostasis (correct)
  • To filter blood for toxins
  • To regulate digestion

    • Urine is considered a non-infectious body fluid.

    False

    What is the typical daily production range of urine in liters?

    0.6 to 2.5

    The urethra begins at the base of the bladder and ends with an external opening in the ______.

    <p>perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the urinary system with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Bladder = Stores urine before excretion Urethra = Conducts urine out of the body Kidneys = Filters blood and produces urine Renal pelvis = Collects urine from the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer surrounds each kidney and is made of fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>Renal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal pelvis is the narrow passage that becomes continuous with the ureters.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ureters?

    <p>Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ are extensions of the renal cortex that divide the medulla into renal pyramids.

    <p>renal columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following kidney structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Minor calyx = Surrounds the apical projections of the renal pyramids Renal capsule = Surrounds each kidney in connective tissue Renal pyramids = Discontinuous triangular-shaped tissue within the medulla Bladder = Expands in the abdomen when full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located at the hilum of the kidney?

    <p>Renal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal fascia is primarily composed of adipose tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ureters enter the pelvic cavity?

    <p>At the pelvic brim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an organic substance found in urine?

    <p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uric acid is a product of purine oxidation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical pH range of urine?

    <p>4.8 - 7.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High specific gravity in urine can indicate a __________ process, such as cancer.

    <p>wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following abnormal constituents in urine with their potential causes:

    <p>Glucose = Diabetes mellitus Ketones = Fat and protein metabolism Blood = Kidney stones Bilirubin = Blockage of bile ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color variation can urine display?

    <p>Light straw to amber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fresh urine samples should appear cloudy immediately after collection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might hemoglobinuria indicate?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia, transfusion reactions, or infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urinary system?

    <p>To maintain homeostasis by adjusting blood composition and volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left kidney is shorter and positioned closer to the midline compared to the right kidney.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the four main structures that make up the human urinary system.

    <p>Two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys are located in the _____ region of the abdominal cavity.

    <p>retroperitoneal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the urinary system with their functions:

    <p>Kidneys = Filter blood and produce urine Ureters = Transport urine from kidneys to bladder Bladder = Stores urine until excretion Urethra = Conducts urine out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be collected every 30 minutes during the 90-minute experiment?

    <p>Urine samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dipstick should be held vertically to avoid contaminating the pigmented pads.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the layers of the bladder identified in the histology slides.

    <p>Mucosa layer, transitional epithelium, lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is responsible for the striated appearance in the medulla of the kidney.

    <p>renal pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following renal structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Cortex = Outer layer of the kidney Medulla = Inner layer with renal pyramids Glomeruli = Functional unit for filtration Lamina Propria = Supportive connective tissue in bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial action performed by subjects when starting the urine collection procedure?

    <p>Collect urine in the bathroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urine analysis involves determining pH, specific gravity, ______, and colour.

    <p>clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is recommended to discard urine after each collection during the experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ### Urinary System Anatomy

    • Composition: Two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra
    • Kidneys: Found retroperitoneal in the posterior abdominal region, lateral to the vertebral column
      • Right Kidney: Lower than the left due to liver proximity
      • Left Kidney: Longer, more slender, and closer to the midline
    • Renal Capsule: Fibrous connective tissue surrounding each kidney
    • Perirenal Fat: Adipose tissue attaching kidneys to the posterior body wall, providing cushioning
    • Renal Fascia: Connective tissue layer anchoring kidneys and surrounding fat to the abdominal wall
    • Hilum: Medial margin of each kidney where renal artery, vein, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and ureter enter and exit
    • Renal Cortex: Pale continuous tissue band surrounding the renal medulla
    • Renal Medulla: Consists of renal columns and renal pyramids
      • Renal Columns: Extensions of the cortex dividing the medulla into pyramids
      • Renal Pyramids: Triangular shaped tissue with bases facing the cortex and apexes towards the renal sinus
    • Renal Papilla: Apical projections of pyramids surrounded by the minor calices
    • Minor and Major Calices: Minor calices unite to form major calices, which then unite to form the renal pelvis
    • Renal Pelvis: Superior funnel-shaped end of the ureter
    • Ureters: Muscular tubes transporting urine from kidneys to the bladder
      • Found retroperitoneally on the medial aspect of the psoas major muscle
      • Cross the common iliac artery or the beginning of the external iliac artery before entering the pelvic cavity
    • Bladder: Situated in the pelvic cavity when empty, expanding superiorly into the abdomen when full
    • Urethra: Begins at the bladder base and ends with an external opening in the perineum
      • Female Urethra: Shorter and only carries urine
      • Male Urethra: Longer and carries urine and semen

    Urinalysis

    • Purpose: To assist the body in maintaining homeostasis through regulating pH balance, water balance, and electrolyte balance
    • Key Functions:
      • Excretion of waste products
    • Urine Composition: Complex aqueous solution containing:
      • Organic Substances:
        • Urea
        • Uric Acid
        • Creatinine
      • Inorganic Substances:
        • Chloride
        • Phosphates
        • Sulphates
        • Ammonia
    • Normal Urine Characteristics:
      • Color: Light straw to amber
      • Turbidity: Fresh urine should be transparent, may become cloudy after standing
      • Odor: Usually odorless
      • pH: Usually 6 (range 4.8 – 7.5)
      • Specific Gravity: Reflects the kidney's ability to concentrate urine
    • Abnormal Urine Constituents:
      • Glucose: Indicates diabetes mellitus
      • Ketones: Present in diabetes mellitus and periods of stress
      • Blood: Caused by factors such as high altitudes, kidney stones
      • Hemoglobin: Indicates hemolytic anemia, transfusion reactions, infections
      • Bilirubin: Indicates blocked bile ducts, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer
      • Protein: Indicates impaired kidney function

    ### Practical Experiment

    • Objective: To analyze the effects of different fluid consumptions on urine production and composition
    • Groups:
      • Group A: Consumes 800ml of filtered water
      • Group B: Consumes 800ml of an isosmotic solution (1 ½ tsp table salt in water)
      • Group C: Consumes a standard cup of black coffee
    • Measurements:
      • Urine Volume: Collected and measured at 30-minute intervals for 90 minutes
      • Urine Characteristics:
        • pH
        • Specific Gravity
        • Clarity
        • Color
        • Dipstick tests

    ### Histology

    • Kidney:

      • Cortex: Outer layer of the kidney
      • Medulla: Inner layer of the kidney with a striated appearance due to the presence of renal tubules and collecting ducts
      • Glomeruli: Tiny blood vessels responsible for filtering waste products

    • Bladder:

      • Mucosa Layer: Lined with transitional epithelium and lamina propria

    • Ureter:

      • Lumen: Central cavity of the ureter
      • Inner Mucosa Layer: Composed of transitional epithelium and lamina propria
      • Muscular Layer: Contains longitudinal and circular muscle bands, responsible for peristaltic contractions to propel urine

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the urinary system, including the structure and function of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Explore details about the renal capsule, perirenal fat, and renal medulla. Perfect for students studying human anatomy!

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