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Urinary Output and Dehydration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the kidney?

Natriuretic hormone

Parathyroid hormone

Aldosterone (correct)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What is the primary function of baroreceptors in the regulation of blood pressure?

Regulate calcium and phosphate levels

Control the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Sense changes in blood pressure and initiate compensatory mechanisms (correct)

Detect changes in blood osmolarity

Which substance is primarily produced by the breakdown of proteins and converted into urea in the kidney?

Phosphate

Nitrogen waste (correct)

Calcium

Hydrogen ions

What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the kidney?

Stimulate red blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte is typically reabsorbed in the kidney along with sodium?

Chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D in the kidney?

Control calcium and phosphate balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

To maintain homeostatic balance of plasma and excrete potential toxins Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which substances are filtered from the blood in the glomerulus?

Osmosis driven by the high pressure in the glomerular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating the rate of glomerular filtration?

Juxtaglomerular apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Reabsorption of water and essential substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the loop of Henle?

Concentration of urine by removing water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Regulation of calcium and phosphate levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the collecting duct?

Fine-tuning of water and electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate blood pressure?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of dehydration as it relates to urine output?

Darker urine color and slight ammonia scent Signup and view all the answers