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Urinary System: Filtration and Urine Output Quiz

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Urinary System: Filtration and Urine Output Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of natriuretic hormone in diabetic kidney disease?

Promotes Na+ reabsorption

Induces widespread vasodilation

Causes Na+ secretion (correct)

Causes an increase in Ca++ reabsorption

How do baroreceptors respond to an increase in blood pressure?

Check BP in the aorta and carotid sinuses

Induce vasodilation (correct)

Cause a decrease in Ca++ reabsorption

Signal the release of renin

What is the primary function of renin in the body?

Induces Ca++ reabsorption

Increases rbc production

Regulates BP (correct)

Promotes Na+ secretion

How is vitamin D synthesized in the body?

Hydroxylation (-OH) must be added to make calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of hydrogen on acid-base homeostasis?

Maintains urine pH within a specific range Signup and view all the answers

Why is the kidney essential for proper pH regulation?

For balancing hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What does oliguria, or the excretion of 300-500 mL of urine per day, indicate?

Kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nephrons in the kidney?

Cleanse blood and form urine Signup and view all the answers

What causes the systemic edema that results in the body 'plumping up'?

Too much protein in the filtrate Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the macula densa in the kidney's nephron?

Regulate renin release Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal hilum in the kidney?

Recovers water and solutes for reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which condition does polyuria, or excreting more than 2.5 liters of urine per day, typically indicate?

Diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

Why does the presence of leukocytes in urine indicate a specific condition?

Urinary tract infection Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of ketones in urine indicate about an individual's health?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

How does the distal convoluted tubule differ from the proximal convoluted tubule in terms of function?

Contains numerous microvilli for absorption and secretion Signup and view all the answers