30 Questions
Which organ plays the dominant role in long term regulation of arterial pressure and hypertension?
Kidney
What is the main mechanism of short term control of arterial pressure?
All of the above
What happens to urinary output as arterial pressure increases?
Urinary output increases
What is the term used to describe the increase in urinary output as pressure rises?
Pressure diuresis
At what arterial pressure is there no urine output?
50 mmHg
What happens to urinary volume output and sodium output as arterial pressure increases?
They both increase
Which of the following is a key determinant of extracellular fluid volume?
Salt intake
What is the effect of volume loading on blood pressure?
Significant increase in blood pressure
What happens when animals are given a salt solution to drink instead of water?
They drink more
What is the effect of reduced renal mass on blood pressure?
Significant increase in blood pressure
What is the role of the renin-angiotensin system in blood pressure control?
Increase blood pressure
What does Angiotensin II stimulate in the kidney?
Water and sodium reabsorption
Which of the following is the primary cause of essential hypertension?
Inability of the kidneys to excrete an adequate volume of urine
What happens when there is a rightward shift in the 'Sodium-loading renal function curve'?
Hypertension due to renal abnormality
What is the role of the kidneys in regulating arterial pressure?
To balance fluid output with fluid intake
What is the effect of small changes in volume and pressure on renal output?
Big changes in renal output
Which system dominates the other pressure control mechanisms for long-term pressure control?
Kidney mechanism
What is the effect of a leftward shift of the renal output curve?
Increased effectiveness of the kidney at retaining Na+/water
Which of the following is a direct effect of angiotensin II on the kidney?
Increased tubular reabsorption
What is the main effector in the Renin Angiotensin System?
Angiotensin II
What is the role of the Renin Angiotensin System in protecting against falls in arterial pressure?
Increase vasoconstriction
What happens to the renal output curve when angiotensin II is infused?
Shifts to the right
What is the main characteristic of primary essential hypertension?
Increased cardiac output
Why is it important to measure a patient's blood pressure in a dental office?
To assess the patient's risk of developing adverse effects
Which of the following is true about the equilibrium point of the renal output curve and net water and salt intake?
The equilibrium point is determined by the intersection of the renal output curve and net water and salt intake.
What are the two ways to raise arterial pressure and change the equilibrium point?
Rightward shift of renal output curve and increase in water/sodium intake.
What does a steeper chronic renal output curve indicate?
When kidneys are functioning normally, the chronic renal output curve is much steeper than the acute curve.
What does the equation P = F x R represent?
P represents arterial pressure, F represents cardiac output, and R represents total peripheral resistance.
What happens when there is an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR)?
Instantaneously, an increase in total peripheral resistance increases arterial pressure, but it does not remain increased.
What is more likely to raise arterial pressure: increased salt intake or increased water intake?
Increased salt intake is more likely to raise arterial pressure than increased water intake.
The Impact of Salt on Extracellular Fluid Volume and Blood Pressure: Test your knowledge on the key factors influencing salt intake, osmolality, thirst, ADH release, and their effects on water intake, salt/water retention, and excretion. Explore the relationship between salt, volume loading, hypertension, and MAP increase. Learn about the effects of salt removal and tap water on blood pressure regulation.
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