Chapter 19 Circulation

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Which organ plays the dominant role in long term regulation of arterial pressure and hypertension?

Lungs

Kidney (correct)

Heart

Liver

What is the main mechanism of short term control of arterial pressure?

Nervous system influence on resistance

Nervous system influence on capacitance

Nervous system influence on cardiac pumping action

All of the above (correct)

What happens to urinary output as arterial pressure increases?

Urinary output decreases

Urinary output increases (correct)

Urinary output remains constant

Urinary output is not affected by arterial pressure

What is the term used to describe the increase in urinary output as pressure rises?

Pressure diuresis Signup and view all the answers

At what arterial pressure is there no urine output?

50 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What happens to urinary volume output and sodium output as arterial pressure increases?

They both increase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key determinant of extracellular fluid volume?

Salt intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of volume loading on blood pressure?

Significant increase in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens when animals are given a salt solution to drink instead of water?

They drink more Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of reduced renal mass on blood pressure?

Significant increase in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the renin-angiotensin system in blood pressure control?

Increase blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What does Angiotensin II stimulate in the kidney?

Water and sodium reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary cause of essential hypertension?

Inability of the kidneys to excrete an adequate volume of urine Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is a rightward shift in the 'Sodium-loading renal function curve'?

Hypertension due to renal abnormality Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidneys in regulating arterial pressure?

To balance fluid output with fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of small changes in volume and pressure on renal output?

Big changes in renal output Signup and view all the answers

Which system dominates the other pressure control mechanisms for long-term pressure control?

Kidney mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a leftward shift of the renal output curve?

Increased effectiveness of the kidney at retaining Na+/water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct effect of angiotensin II on the kidney?

Increased tubular reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effector in the Renin Angiotensin System?

Angiotensin II Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Renin Angiotensin System in protecting against falls in arterial pressure?

Increase vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the renal output curve when angiotensin II is infused?

Shifts to the right Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of primary essential hypertension?

Increased cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to measure a patient's blood pressure in a dental office?

To assess the patient's risk of developing adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the equilibrium point of the renal output curve and net water and salt intake?

The equilibrium point is determined by the intersection of the renal output curve and net water and salt intake. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways to raise arterial pressure and change the equilibrium point?

Rightward shift of renal output curve and increase in water/sodium intake. Signup and view all the answers

What does a steeper chronic renal output curve indicate?

When kidneys are functioning normally, the chronic renal output curve is much steeper than the acute curve. Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation P = F x R represent?

P represents arterial pressure, F represents cardiac output, and R represents total peripheral resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Instantaneously, an increase in total peripheral resistance increases arterial pressure, but it does not remain increased. Signup and view all the answers

What is more likely to raise arterial pressure: increased salt intake or increased water intake?

Increased salt intake is more likely to raise arterial pressure than increased water intake. Signup and view all the answers