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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of acute urinary retention?
What is the primary cause of acute urinary retention?
- Dehydration
- Kidney stones
- Prostate enlargement (correct)
- Urinary tract infections
Acute urinary retention can be classified as a medical emergency.
Acute urinary retention can be classified as a medical emergency.
True (A)
List two signs or symptoms of acute urinary retention.
List two signs or symptoms of acute urinary retention.
Severe lower abdominal pain, unable to pass urine.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) mainly occurs in ______.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) mainly occurs in ______.
Match the following conditions with their causes or characteristics:
Match the following conditions with their causes or characteristics:
Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute urinary retention?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute urinary retention?
Men are more likely to develop urinary tract infections than women.
Men are more likely to develop urinary tract infections than women.
What can happen if acute urinary retention is not treated promptly?
What can happen if acute urinary retention is not treated promptly?
What part of the urinary tract does a lower UTI affect?
What part of the urinary tract does a lower UTI affect?
Upper UTIs are generally considered less serious than lower UTIs.
Upper UTIs are generally considered less serious than lower UTIs.
What is a common symptom experienced during a UTI?
What is a common symptom experienced during a UTI?
Increased frequency of urination is a symptom of a _____ infection.
Increased frequency of urination is a symptom of a _____ infection.
Which symptom may indicate a kidney infection?
Which symptom may indicate a kidney infection?
Haematuria refers to the presence of cloudy urine.
Haematuria refers to the presence of cloudy urine.
Match the following urinary symptoms with their descriptions:
Match the following urinary symptoms with their descriptions:
What are kidney stones also known as?
What are kidney stones also known as?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
Increasing intake of fluids can be part of the treatment for AKI if dehydration is present.
Increasing intake of fluids can be part of the treatment for AKI if dehydration is present.
What condition is also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
What condition is also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Acute Kidney Injury can lead to _____ levels of potassium in the blood.
Acute Kidney Injury can lead to _____ levels of potassium in the blood.
Match the following causes of AKI with their descriptions:
Match the following causes of AKI with their descriptions:
What is one potential complication of Acute Kidney Injury?
What is one potential complication of Acute Kidney Injury?
Chronic Renal Failure primarily affects young children.
Chronic Renal Failure primarily affects young children.
What should be done if there is a blockage affecting the drainage of the kidneys?
What should be done if there is a blockage affecting the drainage of the kidneys?
Which symptom is NOT associated with kidney stones?
Which symptom is NOT associated with kidney stones?
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) always leads to complete kidney failure.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) always leads to complete kidney failure.
What is a common cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
What is a common cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
AKI can lead to a build-up of ______ products in the blood.
AKI can lead to a build-up of ______ products in the blood.
Which of the following is a sign of kidney stones?
Which of the following is a sign of kidney stones?
List one potential consequence of untreated Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).
List one potential consequence of untreated Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).
Pain during urination can indicate the presence of kidney stones.
Pain during urination can indicate the presence of kidney stones.
Match the condition with its related symptom:
Match the condition with its related symptom:
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of advanced chronic renal failure?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of advanced chronic renal failure?
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be completely cured with medication.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be completely cured with medication.
Name two conditions that can cause chronic kidney disease.
Name two conditions that can cause chronic kidney disease.
CKD can range from a mild condition with no or few symptoms to a very serious condition known as ________ failure.
CKD can range from a mild condition with no or few symptoms to a very serious condition known as ________ failure.
Match the following components of chronic kidney disease with their descriptions:
Match the following components of chronic kidney disease with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Urinary Conditions Overview
- Understanding urinary conditions is essential in alignment with individual practice scope.
- Conditions include Acute Urinary Retention (AUR), Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), Kidney Stones, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and Chronic Renal Failure (CKD).
Acute Urinary Retention (AUR)
- AUR is the acute inability to empty the bladder and is classified as a medical emergency.
- Causes:
- Benign prostate hyperplasia (enlargement).
- Urethral strictures from inflammation or surgery.
- Urinary tract stones creating blockages.
- Nerve issues from childbirth or injuries.
- Aging can lead to incomplete bladder emptying.
- Signs & Symptoms:
- Severe lower abdominal pain and inability to urinate.
- Reduced urine flow and bladder swelling.
- Risk of kidney damage due to urine backflow if untreated.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- UTIs occur when bacteria infect the urinary tract, most commonly affecting women.
- Investigation in Men: Lower incidence may indicate underlying issues like strictures or prostate problems.
- Types:
- Lower UTIs affect the bladder and urethra.
- Upper UTIs involve the kidneys and ureters, posing greater risks for kidney damage.
- Signs & Symptoms:
- Pain during urination, lower abdominal cramping.
- Increased urge to urinate and confusion, especially in the elderly.
- Hematuria (blood in urine) and symptoms of potential kidney infection (fever, vomiting).
Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi)
- Kidney stones can form in one or both kidneys and travel down the ureters, causing stretching and discomfort.
- Symptoms:
- Persistent back/groin pain and episodes of intense pain (renal colic).
- Frequent urination and possible nausea/vomiting.
- Blood in urine, potentially leading to UTIs.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- AKI manifests as rapid kidney dysfunction, causing a build-up of waste in the blood.
- Causes:
- Reduced blood flow due to low blood volume or heart issues.
- Blockages like enlarged prostate or tumors.
- Signs & Symptoms:
- Less than 100ml urine excretion in 24 hours, nausea.
- Confusion, dehydration, and abdominal/back pain.
- Complications:
- High potassium levels can cause serious heart rhythm issues.
- Fluid accumulation in lungs and metabolic acidosis may occur.
Chronic Renal Failure (Chronic Kidney Disease - CKD)
- CKD is a long-term reduction in kidney function, more prevalent with aging.
- Early Stages:
- No symptoms are typically present.
- Advanced Symptoms:
- Tiredness, swelling in extremities, shortness of breath, hypertension.
- Blood in urine and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea/vomiting).
- Causes of CKD:
- High blood pressure, diabetes, and polycystic kidney disease among others.
- Treatment Options:
- Lifestyle adjustments, medications, dialysis, or kidney transplantation.
- CKD can lead to severe complications, increasing cardiovascular disease risk despite management.
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