Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the normal adult urine output range in milliliters?
What is the normal adult urine output range in milliliters?
- 250 - 450 mL (correct)
- 600 - 800 mL
- 450 - 600 mL
- 100 - 200 mL
Which urine characteristic indicates an abnormal condition known as haematuria?
Which urine characteristic indicates an abnormal condition known as haematuria?
- Sterility
- Color / clarity (correct)
- Amount in 24 hours
- Odor
What could the presence of fresh blood in feces potentially indicate?
What could the presence of fresh blood in feces potentially indicate?
- Infection
- Cancer (correct)
- Dietary deficiency
- Dehydration
What is a common characteristic that distinguishes normal feces from abnormal feces?
What is a common characteristic that distinguishes normal feces from abnormal feces?
What should urine normally be in terms of sterility?
What should urine normally be in terms of sterility?
A child's normal urine output is typically between which range in milliliters?
A child's normal urine output is typically between which range in milliliters?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with abnormal feces?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with abnormal feces?
What is a non-normal finding in urine that could suggest dehydration?
What is a non-normal finding in urine that could suggest dehydration?
What characteristic of feces would be considered abnormal?
What characteristic of feces would be considered abnormal?
What characteristic can be indicative of a possible urinary tract infection?
What characteristic can be indicative of a possible urinary tract infection?
What is the normal range for urine pH?
What is the normal range for urine pH?
Which condition refers to excessive urination?
Which condition refers to excessive urination?
Which medication is commonly associated with increased urine output?
Which medication is commonly associated with increased urine output?
Which type of urinary incontinence is characterized by the inability to control urination due to stress?
Which type of urinary incontinence is characterized by the inability to control urination due to stress?
What is a possible nursing intervention for managing constipation?
What is a possible nursing intervention for managing constipation?
Which condition is characterized by involuntary loss of stool?
Which condition is characterized by involuntary loss of stool?
Which psychological factor can affect defecation and urination?
Which psychological factor can affect defecation and urination?
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic procedure related to elimination problems?
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic procedure related to elimination problems?
What does nocturia refer to in urinary conditions?
What does nocturia refer to in urinary conditions?
Which of the following conditions indicates low urine output?
Which of the following conditions indicates low urine output?
Flashcards
Constipation
Constipation
A condition marked by difficulty in passing stools, often due to infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, or a feeling of incomplete evacuation.
Fecal Impaction
Fecal Impaction
A buildup of hardened stool in the rectum or colon, which can be difficult to pass.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea
Loose, watery stools occurring more frequently than usual.
Bowel Incontinence
Bowel Incontinence
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Flatulence
Flatulence
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Polyuria
Polyuria
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Oliguria
Oliguria
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Anuria
Anuria
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Urinary Frequency
Urinary Frequency
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Nocturia
Nocturia
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Micturition
Micturition
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Defecation
Defecation
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Voiding
Voiding
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Urine Amount
Urine Amount
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Urine Color
Urine Color
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Haematuria
Haematuria
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Feces Consistency
Feces Consistency
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Feces Amount
Feces Amount
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Feces Color
Feces Color
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Feces Odor
Feces Odor
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Study Notes
Elimination
- Elimination is the process of removing waste products from the body
- The urinary system removes waste from the blood in the form of urine
- The digestive system removes solid waste in the form of feces
Urogenital System
- The urogenital system includes the organs involved in both the urinary and reproductive systems
- The male and female urogenital systems differ in the location and structure of the organs
Urinary Physiology
- Micturition, also known as urination, is the process of emptying the bladder
- This process is controlled by the micturition reflex which involves the cerebral cortex, pons, stretch receptors, sensory, motor pathways, the internal sphincter, and the external sphincter
- Structures like urethra, bladder, pelvic nerves and muscles are also involved in micturition
Process of Emptying/Elimination
- Urinary Bladder: Includes Micturition, Voiding, Urination, PU (Pass Urine)
- Waste Products (Digestion): Defecation (feces/stool), Bowel Open (BO)
Characteristics of Feces
- Normal: Color, consistency, shape, amount, odor, constituents
- Abnormal: Examples of abnormal characteristics include: Blood (fresh/stale), black stool (melaena), parasites
- Possible causes of abnormalities: Cancer, piles
Characteristics of Urine
- Normal: Amount in 24 hours, color/clarity, odor, sterility, pH, specific gravity, glucose, ketone/acetone, blood.
- Abnormal: Haematuria, microbes (UTI), abnormal pH, specific gravity, glucose, ketone/acetone, blood
- Nursing Considerations: Urine concentration (ml/h), potential UTI, abnormal levels of other constituents.
Factors Affecting Elimination
- Defecation/BO: Development (newborns, toddlers, school-aged, older adults), Diet, fluid intake/output, activity, psychological factors, medication (laxatives/diuretics), diagnostic procedures (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, cystoscopy, gastroscopy), anesthesia/surgery, and pathologic conditions (pain)
- Urination/PU: Muscle tone (perineal muscle, kegel exercise), development, diet, fluid intake/output, activity, psychological factors, medication (laxatives/diuretics), diagnostic procedures, anesthesia/surgery, and pathologic conditions (pain)
Elimination Problems
- Fecal: Constipation, fecal impaction, diarrhea, bowel incontinence, flatulence
- Urinary: Polyuria, oliguria, anuria, Urinary frequency, nocturia, urgency to urinate, dysuria, enuresis, incontinence issues (Stress, Urge, Mixed, Overflow), Urinary retention
Nursing Interventions
- Constipation: Assess cause, measure/overcome cause (physiological - Diet, fiber, amount, type. fluid, amount, laxative), and record
- Diarrhea: ORS (oral rehydrate salt)
- Urination: Maintain normal elimination, prevent UTI, manage incontinence.
Equipment
- Commode, Bedpan, Urinal are assistive devices for elimination.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the elimination process in the human body, focusing on the urinary and urogenital systems. It highlights key functions, including waste removal through urine and feces, as well as the physiological processes involved in micturition and the structures that support these functions.
