Elimination Past Paper PDF

ELIMINATION 1 UROGENITAL SYSTEM 2 Physiology of Urinary 3  Process -emptying /elimination urinary bladder Waste products - digestion Micturition Defecation – feces / stool Voiding BO (Bowel open) Urinatio...

ELIMINATION 1 UROGENITAL SYSTEM 2 Physiology of Urinary 3  Process -emptying /elimination urinary bladder Waste products - digestion Micturition Defecation – feces / stool Voiding BO (Bowel open) Urination PU (Pass urine) 4  ELIMINATION Feces Urination Characteristic: Adult ; 250 -450 mL Children : 50 – 200 mL 5  Characteristics – Feces Characteristic Normal Abnormal Possible cause Color Consistency Shape Amount Odor Constituents Blood –fresh , stale Cancer.. / blood Black(maleana piles stool) parasites 6  Characteristics –Urine Characteristic Normal Abnormal Nursing Considerations Amount in 24hours Urine ;……ml/h Color / clarity Straw, amber Haematuria concentrated Odor Sterility No microb. Microb… (UTI) pH 4.5 – 8.0 Specific gravity 1.010 -1.025 Glucose diabetic Ketone / Acetone Fatty acid 7 Blood UTI - Factors – Affect defecation / Urination Defecation /BO Urination / PU Development – Newborns and Infants Muscle tone – perineal muscle - – Toddlers kegel exercise – School-age children and adolescents – Older Adult Diet - Fluid intake & output Activity - Psychological factors Defecation / Urination: Habits Medication : Laxatives / diuretic - lasix Diagnostic Procedures : Colonoscopy / sigmoidoscopy / Cystoscopy / Gastroscopy Anesthesia & Surgery – anesthesia drugs - slow peristalsis / retention -urine Pathologic Conditions – ………… Pain 8  ELIMINATION PROBLEMS URINE FECAL Production i. Polyuria ii. Oliguria I. Constipation iii. Anuria II. Fecal Impaction Urinary frequency III. Diarrhea Nocturia IV. Bowel Incontinence Urgency to urine Dysuria V. Flatulence Enuresis Stress urinary incontinence Urinary Urge urinary incontinence Kegel exercise Incontinence Mixed urinary incontinence Overflow incontinence 9 Urinary retention  NURSING INTERVENTION Constipation Diarrhoea 1. Assess – cause - ORS ( oral rehydrate salt) 2. Measure – to overcome –cause 1. Physiological – 2. Diet – fiber – amount, type.. 3. Fluid – amount , type… 4. Laxative – 3. Record … 10  NURSING INTERVENTION URINATION Maintaining normal urinary elimination Preventing Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Urinary Incontinence 11 commode bedpan Urinal THANK YOU 12