Podcast
Questions and Answers
The urogenital system is comprised of the ______ system and the genital system.
The urogenital system is comprised of the ______ system and the genital system.
urinary
The urinary system is responsible for the ______ of fluid wastes from the body.
The urinary system is responsible for the ______ of fluid wastes from the body.
excretion
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and ______ are parts of the urinary system.
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and ______ are parts of the urinary system.
urethra
The ______ is a musculomembranous tube that conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
The ______ is a musculomembranous tube that conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
The ureter begins as a dilated part called the ______ ______.
The ureter begins as a dilated part called the ______ ______.
The ______ part of the ureter lies on the psoas muscles and crosses the ventral aspect of terminal branches of the aorta and c.v.c.
The ______ part of the ureter lies on the psoas muscles and crosses the ventral aspect of terminal branches of the aorta and c.v.c.
The ______ part of the ureter begins at the pelvic inlet and opens in the dorsal aspect of the urinary bladder between its body and neck.
The ______ part of the ureter begins at the pelvic inlet and opens in the dorsal aspect of the urinary bladder between its body and neck.
The urinary bladder acts as a ______ for urine.
The urinary bladder acts as a ______ for urine.
The size and shape of the urinary bladder vary with the amount of ______ it contains.
The size and shape of the urinary bladder vary with the amount of ______ it contains.
When empty, the urinary bladder is largely ______ and lies on the cranial part of the pelvic floor.
When empty, the urinary bladder is largely ______ and lies on the cranial part of the pelvic floor.
In females, the urinary bladder is related dorsally to the ______.
In females, the urinary bladder is related dorsally to the ______.
In males, the urinary bladder is related dorsally to the genital fold, which contains the ductus deferens, accessory genital glands, and is in contact with the ______.
In males, the urinary bladder is related dorsally to the genital fold, which contains the ductus deferens, accessory genital glands, and is in contact with the ______.
The ______ is the cranial rounded end of the urinary bladder.
The ______ is the cranial rounded end of the urinary bladder.
The rounded, middle part of the urinary bladder that is dorsoventrally flattened is called the ______.
The rounded, middle part of the urinary bladder that is dorsoventrally flattened is called the ______.
The caudal narrow part of the urinary bladder, which continues with the urethra, is called the ______.
The caudal narrow part of the urinary bladder, which continues with the urethra, is called the ______.
The urinary bladder is supported by two ______ ligaments.
The urinary bladder is supported by two ______ ligaments.
The ______ ligament is another ligament that helps hold the urinary bladder in place.
The ______ ligament is another ligament that helps hold the urinary bladder in place.
There are two ______ ligaments that are remnants of umbilical arteries.
There are two ______ ligaments that are remnants of umbilical arteries.
The ______ ______ is a small triangular area that presents dorsally between the body and neck of the bladder.
The ______ ______ is a small triangular area that presents dorsally between the body and neck of the bladder.
At the cranial angles (base) of the trigonum vesicae are the openings of the ______.
At the cranial angles (base) of the trigonum vesicae are the openings of the ______.
At the caudal angle (apex) of the trigonum vesicae is the internal ______ orifice.
At the caudal angle (apex) of the trigonum vesicae is the internal ______ orifice.
The male urethra is a ______ tube through which urine is discharged.
The male urethra is a ______ tube through which urine is discharged.
The male urethra extends from the internal urethral orifice at the neck of the bladder to the external urethral orifice at the end of the ______.
The male urethra extends from the internal urethral orifice at the neck of the bladder to the external urethral orifice at the end of the ______.
The urinary canal, or proper urethra, extends from the neck of the bladder to the colliculus ______.
The urinary canal, or proper urethra, extends from the neck of the bladder to the colliculus ______.
The ______ canal extends from the colliculus seminalis to the external urethral orifice.
The ______ canal extends from the colliculus seminalis to the external urethral orifice.
The ______ urethra extends from the internal urethral orifice to the ischial arch.
The ______ urethra extends from the internal urethral orifice to the ischial arch.
The ______ urethra extends from the ischial arch to the external urethral orifice.
The ______ urethra extends from the ischial arch to the external urethral orifice.
The mucous layer of the male urethra is lined by ______ epithelium.
The mucous layer of the male urethra is lined by ______ epithelium.
The submucous layer of the male urethra consists of veins forming the vascular, or ______, layer.
The submucous layer of the male urethra consists of veins forming the vascular, or ______, layer.
In cows, sows, and she-camels, there is a small blind pouch(depression) caudoventral to the external urethral orifice, called suburethral ______.
In cows, sows, and she-camels, there is a small blind pouch(depression) caudoventral to the external urethral orifice, called suburethral ______.
Flashcards
Ureter
Ureter
A tube that conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Renal Pelvis
Renal Pelvis
The dilated part where the ureter begins.
Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder
Musculomembranous sac that acts as a reservoir for urine.
Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder
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Apex of Bladder
Apex of Bladder
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Body of Bladder
Body of Bladder
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Neck of Bladder
Neck of Bladder
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Trigonum Vesicae
Trigonum Vesicae
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Male Urethra
Male Urethra
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Urinary Canal (in males)
Urinary Canal (in males)
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Urogenital Canal (in males)
Urogenital Canal (in males)
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Pelvic Urethra
Pelvic Urethra
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Penile Urethra
Penile Urethra
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Female Urethra
Female Urethra
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Study Notes
- The urogenital system includes the urinary and genital systems
- The urinary system's function is the excretion of fluid wastes
- The genital system's function is reproduction
Components of the Urinary System
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
Ureters
- Musculomembranous tubes that conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
- Begins as a dilated part called the renal pelvis
Two Parts of the Ureter
- Abdominal part lies on the psoas muscles and crosses the ventral aspect of terminal branches of the aorta
- Pelvic part begins at the pelvic inlet, enters the genital or broad ligament, and opens in the dorsal aspect of the urinary bladder between its body and neck.
Urinary Bladder
- Musculomembranous sac that acts as a reservoir for urine
- Capable of great distension
- Size and shape vary with the amount of fluid it contains
Position of the Urinary Bladder
- Largely abdominal when empty
- Lies on the cranial part of the pelvic floor
Relation of the Urinary Bladder
- In females, it is related dorsally to the uterus
- In males, it is related dorsally to the genital fold, which contains the ductus deferens, accessory genital glands, and is in contact with the rectum
Relations of U.B in Female
- R = rectum
- U = uterus
- VU = urinary bladder
- mr = mesorectum
- Pug = broad ligament
- Ivul = lateral ligament
- Ivum = median ligament
Relations of U.B in Male
- dd = ductus deferens
- um = uterus masculinus
Parts of the Urinary Bladder
- Apex: a cranial rounded end
- Body: a rounded middle part that is dorsoventrally flattened
- Neck: a caudal narrow part that continuous with the urethra
Ligaments of the Urinary Bladder
- Two lateral ligaments
- Median ligament
- Two round ligaments, remnants of the umbilical arteries
Trigonum Vesicae
- When the bladder is empty, the mucous membrane is thrown into longitudinal folds except in the trigonum vesicae
- Small triangular area present dorsally between the body and neck of bladder
- This area is smooth
- It is firmly attached to underlying muscular coat.
- Openings of the ureters are at its cranial angels (base)
Male Urethra
- Musculomembranous tube through which urine is discharged
- Extends from the internal urethral orifice at the neck of the bladder to the external urethral orifice at the end of the penis
Classification of the Urethra (According to Content)
- Urinary canal: extends from the neck of the bladder to the colliculus seminalis and conveys only urine
- Urogenital canal: extends from the colliculus seminalis to the external urethral orifice and conveys urine and semen
Classification of the Urethra (According to Position)
- Pelvic urethra extends from the internal urethral orifice to the ischial arch and lies within the pelvic cavity
- Penile urethra extends from the ischial arch to the external urethral orifice and it lie within penis
Structure of the Male Urethra
- Mucous layer - Lined by transitional epithelium
- Submucous layer - Consists of veins, forming the vascular layer
- Glandular layer - Contains prostatic tissue
- Muscular layer - Consists of thin inner and thick outer layer of s.m.f
Urethral Differences Among Animals
- Dog: Urethral muscle completely surrounds P.U.
- Pig: Urethral muscle is absent dorsally and As pig
- Ox: Urethral muscle is absent dorsally and As pig
- Small Ruminant: goat as dog and sheep as pig
- Horse: Urethral Absent dorsally and As pig
Urethral Differences Part 2
- The external urethral in the apex of the glans penis in dog and boar
- External urethral in the apex of the glans penis in horse
- Free end of the urethral process in Sheep , Goat, and small ruminants
Female Urethra
- Acts only as a urinary passage
- Extends from the internal urethral orifice at the neck of the U.B. to the external urethral orifice between the vagina proper and vaginal vestibule
- Median in position
- Related dorsally to the vagina and ventrally to the pelvic symphysis.
- The wall consists of 3 layers: muscular, cavernous, and mucous
- the wall is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
- Has a small blind pouch (depression) caudoventral to the external urethral orifice in cow, sow, and she-camel called the suburethral diverticulum
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