52 Questions
What percentage of individuals with chlamydial infection are asymptomatic?
The majority
What is the highest prevalence of genital chlamydia infection in?
15-24 year-olds
What is the primary cause of chlamydial infection?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is a common symptom of chlamydial infection in women?
Lower abdominal pain
What is the typical presentation of rectal chlamydia infection?
Asymptomatic
What is the rate of pharyngeal chlamydia infection in MSM?
0.5-2.3%
What percentage of patients with recurrent disease experience lymphadenitis?
30%
What is a common complication of lesions in the second week of progression?
Superinfection with candida and streptococcal species
What is the dose and frequency of Aciclovir for recurrent disease?
800mg bd 5 days
How long does the chancre of primary syphilis typically resolve over?
3-8 weeks
What percentage of patients with primary syphilis will develop secondary syphilis if left untreated?
25%
What is a characteristic of the rash in secondary syphilis?
It is widespread and may be itchy
What is the primary mode of acquiring conjunctivitis in adults?
Sexual contact
What is the typical presentation of chlamydial conjunctivitis in adults?
Unilateral chronic, low-grade irritation
What is the most common complication of chlamydial conjunctivitis in women?
PID
What is the primary method of diagnosis for symptomatic women?
Gram or wet film examination
What is the antibiotic susceptibility trend of N. gonococcus patients from 2001 to 2007?
Decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin
What is the recommended treatment for pregnant women?
Intravaginal treatment for 7 days
What is the cure rate for topical and oral azoles in uncomplicated cases?
Over 70%
What is the primary cause of abnormal discharge in women of childbearing age?
Bacterial vaginosis
What is the characteristic pH of vaginal fluid in bacterial vaginosis?
pH 4.5-6.0
Why is speciation to albicans/non-albicans essential?
If complicated disease is suspected or present
What is the primary risk factor for bacterial vaginosis?
All of the above
What is the recommended treatment for recurrent VC?
Oral fluconazole every 72 hours for 3 doses then once a week for 6 months
What is the Whiff test used to diagnose?
Bacterial vaginosis
What is the goal of general advice for VC?
To improve vulval health
What is the primary cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Candida albicans
What is the usual cause of oro-labial herpes in the UK?
HSV-1
What is the characteristic discharge of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Off-white, curdy discharge
What is the median recurrence rate for genital herpes after a symptomatic first episode?
0.34 recurrences/month
What is the incubation period for genital herpes?
2 days to 2 weeks
What is the characteristic of local symptoms in genital herpes?
Painful ulceration, dysuria, vaginal or urethral discharge
What percentage of untreated cases can occur many years after initial infection?
One third
What is a common complication of congenital syphilis that occurs within two years of birth?
Hepatosplenomegaly
What is the recommended treatment for adults with syphilis?
All of the above
What is a risk factor for HIV transmission?
Mucosal damage
What is a common opportunistic infection in people with HIV?
All of the above
What is a characteristic of congenital syphilis that occurs after two years of birth?
All of the above
What is a recommended treatment for congenital syphilis in children?
Benzyl penicillin sodium 60–90mg/kg daily IV
What is a systemic presentation of HIV?
Tuberculosis
What is a skin condition associated with HIV?
All of the above
What is a complaint presented by the 27-year-old IT specialist in the clinical scenario?
Penile discharge and dysuria
What is the primary purpose of a physical examination in Case 1?
To examine the genital area for signs of inflammation, discharge, or ulcers
What is the main objective of laboratory tests in Case 1?
To identify the causative organism and guide treatment
Why is serological testing ordered in some cases?
To screen for other sexually transmitted infections
What is the likely diagnosis based on the patient's presentation and laboratory findings?
Gonorrhea
What is the first-line treatment for gonorrhea in Case 1?
IM Ceftriaxone 1g single dose
What is the importance of partner notification and treatment in Case 1?
To prevent further transmission of the infection
Why is education and counselling crucial in Case 1?
To educate the patient on safe sexual practices and reduce the risk of reinfection
What is the purpose of a follow-up visit in Case 1?
To monitor the patient's response to treatment
What is the prognosis for gonorrhea with appropriate antibiotic treatment and patient compliance?
Generally favourable
What can occur if the patient fails to adhere to treatment or continues high-risk behaviour?
The patient will be at risk of developing complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease
Test your knowledge on urethritis and cervicitis, including causes such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Gonorrhoea, and Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU). Learn about the prevalence of different microorganisms and their effects on the body.
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