Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: June Exam Hard

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What is the primary function of the muscular walls in the ureters?

To filter blood

To contract and propel urine downward through peristalsis (correct)

To regulate pH and electrolyte balance

To store urine

What is the approximate length of each ureter?

25-30 cm (correct)

20-25 cm

10-15 cm

35-40 cm

What is the main function of the bladder?

To propel urine downward through peristalsis

To filter blood

To store urine until it is ready to be excreted (correct)

To regulate pH and electrolyte balance

What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

To filter blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of reabsorption in the renal tubules?

To retain necessary nutrients and maintain fluid balance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal pelvis?

To funnel final urine from the nephrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra in males?

To allow urine to be excreted and serve as a passage for semen during ejaculation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of the bladder?

300-500 ml (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

To filter blood and remove waste products (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of kidney failure?

Viral infections (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bladder in the excretory system?

To store urine until urination (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys?

Glomerulonephritis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)?

High blood pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To coordinate the body's actions and sensory information (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bundles of nerve cells that transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord?

Nerves (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the central organ of the nervous system, located within the skull?

Brain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the brain through the spine?

Spinal cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce ova and female sex hormones (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization typically occur in humans?

In the fallopian tubes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the network of nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body?

Nervous system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To house the testes and regulate their temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

To mature and store sperm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina?

Menstruation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the uterus?

To regulate body temperature (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

Ovulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the male reproductive system?

Vas deferens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fertilized egg as it travels to the uterus?

Zygote (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

To serve as a passageway for menstrual blood and a birth canal (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sensory organs detect specific stimuli by using specialized cells?

Eyes, ears, nose, skin, and tongue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

To regulate body temperature (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when blood flow to the brain is interrupted?

The brain cells die due to lack of oxygen (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a degenerative disorder?

Stroke (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

To detect airborne chemicals and enable the sense of smell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the spinal cord?

Permanent damage and loss of function in parts of the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the photoreceptor cells in the retina?

To convert light into electrical signals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of long-term substance abuse on the brain?

Permanent brain damage and mental health disorders (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ejaculation in males?

To release semen containing sperm from the penis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of heterosexual couples affected by infertility?

10% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the taste buds on the tongue?

To detect different flavors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the neurons in the central nervous system?

To send and receive messages through electrical impulses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact?

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus?

Endometriosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pituitary gland in initiating puberty?

To release hormones that signal the immature sex organs to start producing their own hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of puberty?

To develop the reproductive organs and produce gametes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endometrium?

To prepare for potential pregnancy by thickening each month (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the physical changes that differentiate males and females and are not directly involved in reproduction?

Secondary sexual characteristics (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which process does the egg travel through the Fallopian tube towards the uterus?

Ovulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of puberty in females?

Breast development (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oestrogen in females during puberty?

To develop female secondary sexual characteristics and regulate the menstrual cycle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the female reproductive cycle?

28-30 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pituitary gland in initiating puberty?

To release hormones that stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

In the Fallopian tube (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the reproductive system essential?

To maintain reproductive health and address fertility issues (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum in males?

To regulate the temperature of the testes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce female sex hormones and store and release eggs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

To store and mature sperm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs if fertilization does not occur during the reproductive cycle?

The lining of the uterus sheds during menstruation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of testosterone in males during puberty?

To develop male secondary sexual characteristics and produce sperm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

To facilitate fertilization and support the development of a fetus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hormones in puberty?

To drive the physical and functional changes that occur during puberty (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

To produce and store sperm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sperm duct in the male reproductive system?

To transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the penis in the male reproductive system?

To deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sensory organs in the human body?

To collect information from the environment and send it to the central nervous system for processing (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons in the brain send and receive messages?

Through electrical impulses transmitted across synapses via neurotransmitters (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the spinal cord?

Paralysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the brain interprets electrical signals from the eyes as visual images?

Seeing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

To regulate body temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a stroke?

Death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

To detect airborne chemicals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of long-term substance abuse on the brain?

Impaired cognitive functions, memory, learning, and emotional regulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the buildup of waste products and fluids in the body during kidney failure?

Inability of the kidneys to filter blood effectively (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the photoreceptor cells in the retina?

To detect light and enable vision (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the excretory system is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood?

Glomerulus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the taste buds on the tongue?

To detect flavors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

To transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of kidney stones?

Concentrated urine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth muscle lining the bladder's walls?

Contraction to expel urine through the urethra (B) Signup and view all the answers

What process ensures the body retains necessary nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

Reabsorption (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

To interpret sensory information (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the bladder to the exterior of the body?

Urethra (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

To connect the brain to the rest of the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the collecting ducts in the nephron?

Funneling final urine into the renal pelvis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of glomerulonephritis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

To remove waste products and excess fluids from the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the muscular walls in the ureters?

To contract and propel urine downward through peristalsis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process fine-tunes the body's pH and electrolyte balance?

Secretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

To transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of regular hydration in supporting the excretory system's health?

To increase urine production (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of development does the fertilized egg implant into the lining of the uterus?

Implantation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the uterus prepares for a potential pregnancy?

Menstruation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

To store mature sperm cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body?

Vagina (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones?

Ovaries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To regulate the temperature of the testes (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which process does the ovary release a mature egg?

Ovulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fertilized egg as it travels to the uterus?

Zygote (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

To support fetal development (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oviducts (Fallopian tubes) in the female reproductive system?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus and facilitate fertilization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the lining of the uterus is prepared each month for potential pregnancy?

Endometrial thickening (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce female sex hormones and store and release eggs (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the reproductive cycle does the uterus prepare for potential pregnancy?

The entire reproductive cycle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endometrium in the female reproductive system?

To thicken and prepare for potential pregnancy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fertilized egg as it travels to the uterus?

Zygote (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pituitary gland in puberty?

To stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a result of increased levels of oestrogen during puberty in females?

Widening of the hips (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To regulate the temperature of the testes (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of puberty do the reproductive organs grow and mature?

Initiation of puberty (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of testosterone during puberty in males?

To develop male secondary sexual characteristics and produce sperm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased oil production during puberty?

Acne and changes in body odour (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

To transport sperm to the urethra (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

To serve as the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased levels of oestrogen during puberty in females?

Widening of the hips and development of a more rounded body shape (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the penis in the male reproductive system?

To serve as the external male sex organ (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the reproductive system in humans?

To ensure the continuation of the species and the passing on of genetic material from one generation to the next (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of Endometriosis?

Irregular bleeding (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in initiating puberty?

To release hormones that signal the immature sex organs to start producing their own hormones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the prostate gland in males?

To produce fluids that make up semen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the physical changes that differentiate males and females and are not directly involved in reproduction?

Secondary sexual characteristics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oestrogen in females during puberty?

To stimulate the development of breast tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ejaculation in males?

To release sperm from the epididymis into the vas deferens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina?

Menstruation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce and store egg cells (ova) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the thickening of the uterine lining during ovulation?

To prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the sperm after one penetrates the outer membrane of the egg?

The sperm's head enters the egg, and the tail remains outside (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

To provide oxygen and nutrients to the embryo (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the fertilized egg typically implant during pregnancy?

In the uterus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the fertilized egg travels to the uterus?

Implantation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the embryo's umbilical cord during pregnancy?

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the competitive nature of the sperm's journey during fertilization?

To ensure only one sperm fertilizes the egg (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the shedding of the uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

Menstruation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the umbilical cord during human pregnancy?

To provide a pathway for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the embryo and the mother (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period during which the embryo develops into a fetus?

Gestation period (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

To contract and flatten, moving downwards (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs?

Alveoli (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the heart in the respiratory system?

To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs (C) Signup and view all the answers

During exhalation, what happens to the rib cage and diaphragm?

The rib cage moves downwards and inwards, and the diaphragm contracts (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air into the blood?

Diffusion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells?

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pathway through which air travels from the mouth and nose to the lungs?

Respiratory tract (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during exhalation?

To relax and decrease thoracic volume (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?

To facilitate the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of efficient gaseous exchange in the lungs?

Oxygen is continuously supplied to body cells and carbon dioxide is removed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the infection that leads to fluid-filled alveoli, impairing gas exchange?

Pneumonia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the grape-like clusters of air sacs where the actual exchange of gases occurs?

Alveoli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries?

To allow for rapid diffusion of gases (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of oxygen binding to haemoglobin in red blood cells?

Oxyhaemoglobin formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the alveoli?

Emphysema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rich blood supply surrounding the alveoli?

To facilitate the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the left ventricle in the circulatory system?

To pump oxygenated blood into the aorta (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of capillaries that facilitates efficient exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and body cells?

Extremely thin and narrow, forming a network around body cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product of cellular respiration in the mitochondria?

Carbon dioxide and water (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle?

Right atrium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the indicator of cardiovascular fitness and efficient heart function?

Lower resting heart rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries?

To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells receive adequate oxygen and expel carbon dioxide effectively?

Circulation and respiration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the veins in the circulatory system?

To transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the network of blood vessels that supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste products?

Circulatory system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of gaseous exchange in the lungs?

Oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is expelled (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in the human body?

To build and repair body cells and tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a plant-based source of protein?

Soya beans (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

To provide energy for the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a healthy fat?

Olive oil (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamins in the human body?

To aid in various chemical reactions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mineral essential for strong bones and teeth?

Calcium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibre in the human body?

To maintain regular bowel movements (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of water in the human body?

50% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of poor dietary choices?

Increased risk of chronic diseases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the seven building blocks of a healthy diet?

To maintain proper body function (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alimentary canal?

To absorb and transport nutrients to the body's cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of digestion involves the physical breakdown of food?

Mechanical digestion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in digestion?

To secrete gastric juices containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the series of muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal?

Peristalsis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

Amylase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body?

Egestion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rectum and anus?

To store feces until they are expelled through the anus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for both mechanical and chemical digestion?

Mouth (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oesophagus in digestion?

To move food from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the uterine lining during the female reproductive cycle?

To thicken and prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the competitive process that sperm undergo to reach the egg?

Journey through the cervix and uterus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a sperm penetrates the outer membrane of the egg?

Fertilization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

To remove waste and provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

It is shed and expelled from the body through menstruation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization typically occur in humans?

In the oviduct (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the embryo implants itself into the uterine lining?

Implantation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fertilization?

The formation of a zygote (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

To contract and flatten, creating a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood in the alveoli?

Diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

To contract and expand the rib cage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which a fetus develops abnormal physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments due to maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bronchioles in the lungs?

To facilitate gas exchange in the alveoli (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the embryo develops into a fetus during pregnancy?

Gestation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capillaries in the alveoli?

To facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

Infertility (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in the respiratory system?

To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period of approximately 40 weeks during which the embryo develops into a fetus?

Gestation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the left ventricle in the heart?

To pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and body cells occur?

Capillaries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right ventricle in the heart?

To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of cellular respiration in the mitochondria?

Release of energy and production of carbon dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of arteries, except for the pulmonary arteries?

They carry oxygenated blood under high pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

To transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the indicator of fitness and efficient heart function?

A lower resting heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide during gaseous exchange in the lungs?

It is released from the blood into the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the network of capillaries around body cells?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of deoxygenated blood returning to the heart?

It is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream (B) Signup and view all the answers

During exhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?

It relaxes and returns to its dome shape, pushing air out of the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the bloodstream (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of efficient gaseous exchange in the lungs?

The body's oxygen levels are maintained and its carbon dioxide levels are decreased (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the airways, leading to impeded airflow to the alveoli?

Asthma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the alveoli, leading to a reduction in the surface area for gas exchange?

Emphysema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs?

To distribute air throughout the lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream?

Oxygen uptake (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which carbon dioxide diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli?

Carbon dioxide removal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in the human body?

To build and repair body cells and tissues (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of vitamins in a healthy diet?

Fruits and vegetables (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibre in the digestive system?

To maintain regular bowel movements and prevent constipation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of water in the human body?

It helps blood carry nutrients and waste around the body and facilitates chemical reactions in cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of poor dietary choices?

Health problems such as obesity, malnutrition, and chronic diseases (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of minerals in the human body?

To perform various body functions and must be obtained through the diet (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of a balanced diet?

It is crucial for maintaining proper body function (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fats and oils in the human body?

To protect and insulate organs, maintain healthy hair and nails, and absorb and transport certain vitamins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

To provide energy for the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the seven building blocks of a healthy diet?

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mouth in the alimentary canal?

To break down food into smaller molecules through mechanical and chemical digestion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal?

Peristalsis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates?

Amylase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body?

Egestion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for storing feces until they are expelled through the anus?

Rectum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the alimentary canal?

To break down food into smaller molecules through mechanical and chemical digestion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the specialized proteins that accelerate chemical reactions in the body?

Enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for absorbing water and salts from the remaining indigestible food matter?

Large intestine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inner surface of the small intestine that increases the surface area for absorption?

Villi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

To provide structural support and protection (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Chloroplasts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the plant cell wall?

Cellulose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

To perform light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms also have cell walls, but with a different composition?

Bacteria and fungi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

To absorb light energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stacked structures within chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Grana (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in regulating the entry and exit of substances in plant cells?

To work in conjunction with the cell membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the coarse and fine focus knobs in a microscope?

To adjust the focus of the image (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a wet mount in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

To observe living organisms and aquatic samples (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells within an organism specialize to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epithelial cells in the body?

To cover surfaces and protect the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for unspecialized cells capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

Stem cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of unicellular organisms?

They consist of a single cell that performs all life functions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of staining in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

To enhance contrast and allow for better visualization of structures (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which tissues are organized into organs to perform complex functions?

Organization (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm in a microscope?

To control the amount of light reaching the specimen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream and transporting them to cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the removal of undigested or unwanted particles from the body?

Egestion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

Moving chewed food from the mouth to the stomach through peristaltic contractions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for open sores that develop on the lining of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, or upper small intestine?

Ulcers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pancreas in the digestive system?

Releasing enzymes to break down food into smaller particles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the liver in the digestive system?

Producing bile to aid in digestion and absorption of fats (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of taking food into the body through the mouth by eating or drinking?

Ingestion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

Breaking down food into smaller particles using mechanical digestion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rectum in the digestive system?

Storing feces until they are expelled through the anus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

Absorbing water and salts from indigestible food matter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where the Calvin cycle takes place in a plant cell?

Stroma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

To facilitate intercellular communication and transport (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification in both plant and animal cells?

Peroxisomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?

To organize the mitotic spindle during cell division (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of microscopes is suitable for viewing live cells and tissues?

Light microscopes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vacuole in plant cells?

To store nutrients, waste products, and other substances (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the shape and structure of plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have a fixed, rectangular shape due to the rigid cell wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the chlorophyll in plant cells?

To capture light energy, enabling the photosynthesis process (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the function of lysosomes in plant and animal cells?

Plant cells rarely have lysosomes, whereas animal cells contain lysosomes that break down cellular waste and debris (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the objective lenses in a light microscope?

To magnify the image (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why individuals with anorexia nervosa severely restrict their food intake?

Due to an intense fear of gaining weight (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the pulmonary circulation?

To oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of high blood pressure?

Heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body?

Arteries (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced?

Stroke (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the disease that gradually replaces healthy liver tissue with scar tissue?

Liver cirrhosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the blood vessels in the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues?

Occurrence in capillaries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain?

Loss of function controlled by the affected brain area, including paralysis, speech difficulties, and memory loss (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the trachea?

To conduct air from the pharynx to the bronchi (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during breathing?

To contract and relax to change the volume of the thoracic cavity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the capillaries and carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli?

Gaseous exchange (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

To facilitate the exchange of gases between the lungs and the atmosphere (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

Asthma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

To serve as a passageway for both air and food (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bronchi in the respiratory system?

To distribute air throughout the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a blood vessel rupture in the brain?

Loss of function controlled by the affected brain area, including paralysis, speech difficulties, and memory loss (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To supply oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory disease is characterized by the inflammation of the air sacs in one or both lungs?

Pneumonia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Tuberculosis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory disease is highly contagious and requires long-term antibiotic treatment?

Tuberculosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the basic functional units of the nervous system?

Neurons (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the nervous system?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensory organs in the nervous system?

To detect external stimuli (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory disease is commonly associated with smoking?

Bronchitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system in relation to maintaining homeostasis?

To regulate body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health issues is characterized by a sudden loss of brain function due to lack of oxygen?

Stroke (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

To filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of long-term substance abuse on the brain?

Irreversible brain damage and memory loss. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a degenerative disorder that affects movement and cognitive abilities?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis?

To remove metabolic waste products generated by the body's cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the spinal cord?

Loss of motor function and sensation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of a stroke?

Sudden numbness and confusion. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

Cellulose (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Chloroplasts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Protection and structural support (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms has a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan?

Bacterial cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

Absorption of light energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of grana in chloroplasts?

Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane in plant cells?

Regulation of internal environment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stroma in chloroplasts?

To convert carbon dioxide into glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of shape and structure?

Plant cells are rectangular, while animal cells are irregular (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in plant cells?

To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

To break down cellular waste and debris (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

To store nutrients, waste products, and other substances (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

To facilitate communication and transport between adjacent cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?

To organize the mitotic spindle during cell division (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

To capture light energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eyepiece in a light microscope?

To magnify the image (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electron microscopes?

To observe the ultrastructure of cells and tissues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the coarse and fine focus knobs in a microscope?

To adjust the focus of the image (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of specimen preparation method for microscopic observation?

Photography (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epithelial cells in the body?

To cover surfaces and protect the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of stem cells?

They are capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of organization that consists of groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

Tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm in a microscope?

To control the amount of light reaching the specimen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells specialize to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of embryonic stem cells?

To become any cell type in the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for organisms that consist of a single cell that performs all life functions?

Unicellular organisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of staining in specimen preparation for microscopic observation?

To enhance contrast and allow for better visualization of structures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To break down food into smaller particles for energy and cellular functions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?

To mix food with gastric juices and enzymes to further digest food (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the large intestine (colon) in the digestive system?

To absorb water and salts from indigestible food matter (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the cells of the digestive tract?

Absorption (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the digestive system?

Skin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the removal of undigested or unwanted particles from the body?

Egestion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for open sores that develop on the lining of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, or upper small intestine?

Ulcers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

To produce enzymes that break down carbohydrates (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the muscular tube that moves chewed food from the mouth to the stomach through peristaltic contractions?

Esophagus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a health issue involving the digestive system?

Ulcers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the circulatory system in the human body?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of liver cirrhosis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Pulmonary circulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of high blood pressure?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capillaries in the circulatory system?

To exchange oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide and waste products (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the blockage of a coronary artery, leading to damage to the heart muscle?

Heart attack (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?

To filter waste products from the blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to severe food restriction and starvation?

Anorexia nervosa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interruption of blood flow to the brain, potentially leading to brain tissue damage or death?

Stroke (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following respiratory diseases is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis (TB) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

To process sensory information and initiate responses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bundles of nerve cells that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body?

Nerves (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the nervous system?

Lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensory organs in the nervous system?

To detect external stimuli and send information to the brain for interpretation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of lung cancer?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of respiratory disease caused by viral or bacterial infections?

Bronchitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

To transmit electrical impulses throughout the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of lung cancer?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain?

Paralysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

To serve as a passageway for both air and food (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small, balloon-like structures at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs?

Alveoli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the diaphragm relaxing and moving upward during exhalation?

The pressure inside the lungs increases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

Asthma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To supply oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air?

Gaseous exchange (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

To play a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the thoracic cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tube supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage that conducts air from the pharynx to the bronchi?

Trachea (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain cells due to a blockage in a blood vessel?

Loss of function controlled by the affected brain area (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis?

To regulate the composition and volume of body fluids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord from accidents or injuries?

Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

To filter blood to remove waste products (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the progressive loss of neural function in degenerative disorders?

Neurodegeneration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system in regulating various body functions?

To maintain homeostasis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a stroke?

Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the excretory system in removing metabolic waste products?

To remove urea and carbon dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of substance abuse on the brain?

Irreversible brain damage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that defines a molecule?

It is composed of two or more different kinds of atoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a formula unit in a crystal lattice?

The smallest repeating unit that represents the compound's composition (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements naturally exist as diatomic molecules?

Hydrogen and chlorine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fixed ratio of atoms in a compound?

Specific and gives the compound its unique properties (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?

The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of elements?

They are composed of only one kind of atom (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of compounds?

They are composed of two or more different kinds of atoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do molecules and crystal lattices have in common?

They are both composed of two or more different kinds of atoms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary level of representation at which we can observe substances and their changes with our senses?

Macroscopic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemical bonds in a compound?

To hold atoms together in a stable configuration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?

Bond (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the subscript in a chemical formula?

It indicates the number of atoms of an element in a molecule (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of representation for understanding chemical reactions?

Microscopic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of bonds?

Chemical reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Periodic Table?

To organize elements in a systematic way based on their properties (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between metals and non-metals on the Periodic Table?

Metals are found on the left-hand side, while non-metals are found on the right-hand side (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of representation at which we use chemical symbols and formulae to represent substances and the changes they undergo during chemical reactions?

Symbolic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

Reactant (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the atomic number on the Periodic Table?

It indicates the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of alkali metals?

They are soft and have a dull-gray appearance. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of representation at which we imagine or visualize the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up substances?

Submicroscopic (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the chemical symbol of an element?

To provide a unique abbreviation for an element (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

Product (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is named using the IUPAC naming system?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

A compound has a fixed ratio of atoms, while a mixture has a variable ratio (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which atoms rearrange themselves to form new molecules during a chemical reaction?

Atomic rearrangement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of representing chemical reactions using word equations, picture equations, and chemical equations?

To understand how substances interact and transform (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for iron sulfide?

FeS (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a rule for naming compounds containing only non-metals?

The electron shell rule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulae?

Chemical equation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the concept of atomic number in chemistry?

It helps to determine the chemical properties of an element (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the groups on the Periodic Table?

To organize elements based on their chemical properties (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound CO?

Carbon monoxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alkali metals is the most reactive with water?

Potassium (K) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix used to name compounds containing a non-metal?

-ide (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is an example of a compound containing only non-metals?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for dinitrogen tetroxide?

N₂O₄ (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common name for a compound, rather than its IUPAC name?

Water (H₂O) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for an equation to be considered balanced?

The number and type of atoms are the same on both the reactant and product sides. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct step in balancing a chemical equation?

Modify the coefficients in front of chemical formulas to balance the equation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the combustion reaction of iron with oxygen?

A bright orange spark is produced. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using steel wool in demonstrations of the combustion reaction of iron with oxygen?

To increase the surface area of the iron, making the reaction more visible. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of combustion?

A chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of light and heat. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a coefficient in a chemical equation?

To indicate the number of molecules involved in the reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of burning iron or steel wool in oxygen?

Combustion. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subscripts in a chemical formula?

To indicate the number of atoms of each element in a molecule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of balancing chemical equations?

To ensure that the number and type of atoms are the same on both sides of the equation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a balanced equation?

An equation that shows the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemical equations?

To represent a chemical reaction using symbols and formulae (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to balance the equation: Mg + O₂ → MgO?

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a word equation and a chemical equation?

A word equation uses words only, while a chemical equation uses symbols and formulae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key rule to follow when balancing chemical equations?

Modify the coefficients in front of chemical formulas to balance the equation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of picture equations?

To visually represent the reactants and products in a chemical reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of balancing chemical equations in chemistry?

To ensure that the law of conservation of mass is obeyed. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

Reactants are the substances that undergo change during the reaction, while products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of making sure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of a chemical equation?

Balancing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

To accurately represent the conservation of mass (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the statement that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?

Conservation of mass (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general chemical equation for Group 2 metals reacting with oxygen?

2M + O2 -> 2MO (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula of the oxide formed when sodium reacts with oxygen?

Na2O (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when iron reacts with oxygen in the air?

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with their environment?

Corrosion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general word equation for the reaction between metals and oxygen?

Metal + Oxygen -> Metal oxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for materials or coatings that prevent or slow down the formation of rust?

Rust-resistant (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between iron and oxygen?

4Fe + 3O2 -> 2Fe2O3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when calcium reacts with oxygen?

Calcium oxide (CaO) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the compound formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen?

Non-metal oxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the flaky, crusty, reddish-brown product that forms on iron when it reacts with oxygen in the air?

Rust (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the combustion reaction of carbon in air?

Carbon dioxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of coal in power stations?

To generate electricity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the flame produced when sulfur burns in oxygen?

Blue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction of carbon with oxygen?

C + O2 → CO2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gas produced when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of the combustion reaction of iron?

Iron(III) oxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the combustion reaction of carbon important?

It releases energy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fine steel threads in the combustion reaction of iron?

Increase the surface area for the reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding the combustion reaction of carbon?

To appreciate its environmental impact (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the safety precautions during the combustion reaction of magnesium?

To prevent intense heat and light (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactant in the combustion reaction of carbon?

Carbon (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbolic representation of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the macroscopic representation of the product of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

A white ash of magnesium oxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the combustion reaction of sulfur?

Sulfur dioxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical significance of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

It was used to produce light in photography (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the submicroscopic representation of the reactants of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

Mg atoms and O₂ molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the camera flash in photography?

To produce a bright flash of light (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general reaction of metals with oxygen?

Combustion reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the word equation in chemistry?

To represent a chemical reaction in words (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reactant that combines with oxygen to form rust?

Iron (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that accelerates the rusting process?

Saltwater (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of applying a coating to iron or steel?

To prevent corrosion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of combining iron with other elements to create rust-resistant alloys?

Alloying (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a corrosive environment?

Industrial area (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the oxide formed when phosphorus reacts with oxygen?

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chromium in preventing rust?

It forms a protective layer that prevents oxygen from reaching the iron (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when hydrogen reacts with oxygen?

Water (H2O) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of oxide where the non-metal is combined with two oxygen atoms?

Dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary problem with using paint as a barrier to prevent rust?

It can be scratched or peel off over time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of coating iron or steel with a layer of zinc to prevent rusting?

Galvanization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sulfur dioxide in wine production?

To preserve the quality of the wine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of rust on metal structures?

It degrades the structural integrity and appearance of the metal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic name for water?

Dihydrogen monoxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using materials like wood or aluminum in corrosive environments?

They do not rust (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reaction between non-metals and oxygen?

Oxidation reaction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when carbon reacts with oxygen?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the health risk associated with exposure to sulfur dioxide?

Respiratory problems (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rules used to give unique names to compounds?

Systematic naming (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of zinc oxide, which makes it an effective protective layer?

It is non-porous, blocking oxygen and water from reaching the iron. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of galvanising with zinc?

To prevent rusting of the iron. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general word equation for the reaction of non-metal with oxygen?

non-metal + oxygen → non-metal oxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction of phosphorus with oxygen?

4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

Combustion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why rusting is accelerated in environments that are moist or corrosive?

Because the salt in the air makes the environment more corrosive. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chroming metal?

To prevent rusting of the metal. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between zinc and oxygen?

2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the compounds formed when non-metals react with oxygen?

Non-metal oxides (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of galvanising with zinc?

It provides a thick, protective layer. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a molecule and a crystal lattice?

The arrangement of atoms in a specific pattern (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an element?

Has a fixed ratio of atoms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest repeating unit that represents a compound's composition in a crystal lattice?

Formula unit (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the unique properties of a compound?

The ratio of atoms in the compound (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is an example of a diatomic molecule?

Oxygen (O₂) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?

The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of all compounds?

Has a fixed ratio of atoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between molecules and elements?

The number of kinds of atoms in the compound (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of alkali metals?

They are soft and have a dull-gray appearance. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between lithium and water?

Lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the naming system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) used for?

Naming compounds containing a metal and a non-metal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name of the compound CO₂?

Carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix used to indicate the number of atoms in a compound when there are different compounds with the same elements?

Mono- for 1, di- for 2, and tri- for 3 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the compound dinitrogen tetroxide?

N₂O₄ (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule for naming compounds containing a metal and a non-metal?

The metal is named first, followed by the non-metal with the suffix '-ide' (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name of the compound FeS?

Iron sulfide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the element position rule for naming compounds containing only non-metals?

The element further to the left on the Periodic Table is named first (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the compound sulfur trioxide?

SO₃ (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemical bonds in a compound?

To hold the atoms in a molecule together (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for sodium derived from?

The Latin name of the element (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the subscripts in a chemical formula?

To indicate the number of each type of atom in a molecule (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are non-metals typically found on the Periodic Table?

On the right-hand side (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Periodic Table?

To organize all known elements in a systematic way (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Russian chemist who proposed the original version of the Periodic Table?

Dmitri Mendeleev (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unique name and chemical formula that indicates the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule?

Chemical formula (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the arrangement of elements on the Periodic Table?

To organize elements in order of increasing atomic number (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the horizontal rows on the Periodic Table?

Periods (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the vertical columns on the Periodic Table?

Groups (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulae?

Chemical equation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of representation that involves imagining or visualizing the particles that make up substances?

Submicroscopic level (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a coefficient in a chemical equation?

To indicate the number of molecules or atoms involved (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?

Bond (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of representation that involves observing substances and their changes with our senses?

Macroscopic level (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements?

Chemical formula (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

To accurately represent the conservation of mass (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

Reactant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the subscript '2' in H₂O indicate?

Two hydrogen atoms in each water molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of representation that uses chemical symbols and formulae to represent substances and their changes?

Symbolic level (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dulling or discoloration of metal due to a chemical reaction, usually involving oxygen or sulfur?

Tarnish (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

Product (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a word equation?

To represent a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process in which substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of bonds?

Chemical reaction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chemical reaction in which one or more compounds are transformed into new compounds?

Chemical reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the representation of a chemical reaction that uses diagrams or pictures to show the reactants and products?

Picture equation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the coefficient '2' in 2H₂ indicate?

Two molecules of hydrogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the way scientists approach understanding chemical reactions?

On three distinct levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for iron oxide, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen?

Rust (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a picture equation?

To visually represent the reactants and products using submicroscopic diagrams (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a word equation and a chemical equation?

A word equation expresses the reactants and products in words, while a chemical equation uses symbols and formulas. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general chemical equation for Group 2 metals reacting with oxygen?

2M + O2 → 2MO (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

To ensure the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides of the equation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reactant in the rusting process?

Iron (Fe) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following environments accelerates the rusting process?

Moist coastal climate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for iron oxide?

Fe2O3 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which iron reacts with oxygen to form rust?

Corrosion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of galvanizing iron or steel?

To protect the metal from rusting (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of rust?

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rusting on metal structures?

Significantly degraded structural integrity and appearance (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for preventing rust?

Exposing the metal to oxygen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the substances that start a chemical reaction?

Reactants (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coefficients in a chemical equation?

To balance the equation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chromium in preventing rust?

To react with oxygen and form a protective layer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with their environment?

Corrosion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying a barrier in preventing rust?

To prevent oxygen from reaching the metal surface (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is preferred in corrosive environments due to its resistance to rust?

Aluminum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a balanced equation?

The number and type of atoms are the same on both the reactant and product sides of the equation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for materials or coatings that prevent or slow down the formation of rust?

Rust-resistant (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the combustion reaction of iron with oxygen?

Iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of acid exposure on the rusting process?

It accelerates the rusting process (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct step to balance a chemical equation?

Change the coefficients of the reactants and products. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of protecting iron and steel from rust?

To maintain their functionality and longevity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the observation when magnesium ignites in air?

It produces a bright white flame. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of light and heat?

Combustion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fine steel threads in demonstrating the combustion reaction of iron?

To increase the surface area for the reaction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using steel wool in a demonstration of iron reacting with oxygen?

To provide a large surface area, making the combustion reaction more visible. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical use of magnesium powder in photography?

As a camera flash. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the combustion reaction of iron with oxygen?

The release of energy in the form of light and heat. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the network of nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body?

Nervous system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbolic representation of the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the combustion reaction in the demonstration of iron reacting with oxygen?

To release energy in the form of light and heat. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of reaction that occurs when magnesium burns in air?

Exothermic reaction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

Ovulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the result of the combustion reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

Magnesium oxide. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the coefficients in a chemical equation?

To balance the number of atoms on both sides of the equation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the demonstration of the combustion reaction of magnesium in air?

To illustrate the concept of combustion reactions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the representation of the reaction of magnesium with oxygen that shows the reactants and products as particles?

Submicroscopic representation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys?

Glomerulonephritis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the equation that represents a chemical reaction using words?

Word equation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of coating iron with chromium?

To prevent rust by forming a protective layer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between zinc and oxygen that forms a protective layer?

2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

Combustion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general word equation for the reaction between a non-metal and oxygen?

non-metal + oxygen → non-metal oxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between carbon and oxygen?

C + O2 → CO2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of galvanising iron with zinc?

To prevent rust by forming a protective layer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rusting in environments that are moist or corrosive?

Rusting is accelerated (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between sulfur and oxygen?

S + O2 → SO2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen?

4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coating iron with zinc through a process called galvanising?

To prevent rust by forming a protective layer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of the combustion reaction of carbon with oxygen?

Carbon dioxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the combustion reaction of carbon in power stations?

Generating electricity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the toxic gas produced when sulfur burns in oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction of non-metals with oxygen?

Non-metal + oxygen → non-metal oxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding the reaction of carbon with oxygen?

It has implications for global climate change (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy for electricity generation in coal-powered power stations?

The combustion of carbon in oxygen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the combustion reaction of carbon in air?

Carbon dioxide and energy are released (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the compound formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen?

Non-metal oxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual representation of a power station where coal is used as fuel to generate electricity?

A diagram of a coal-powered power station (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactant that combines with carbon to produce carbon dioxide?

Oxygen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction of sulfur with oxygen?

S + O2 → SO2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sulfur dioxide in dried fruit preservation?

To prevent bacterial growth without harming humans (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the product formed when phosphorus reacts with oxygen?

Phosphorus pentoxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic name of water (H2O)?

Dihydrogen monoxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with exposure to sulfur dioxide?

Respiratory problems and other health issues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the compounds formed when non-metals react with oxygen?

Non-metal oxides (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of oxide where the non-metal is combined with two oxygen atoms?

Dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic naming of the product formed when hydrogen reacts with oxygen?

Dihydrogen monoxide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between sulfur and oxygen?

Synthesis reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for using rules to give unique names to compounds?

Systematic naming (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using systematic names in chemistry?

To ensure each compound has a unique name (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of balancing chemical equations in chemistry?

To reflect the conservation of mass (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of indicators in chemistry?

To show whether a solution is acidic or basic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct word equation for the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide?

Nitrogen + oxygen → nitrogen dioxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical equation for the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen?

N2 + 2O2 → 2NO2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the measurement of acidity or basicity of a solution?

pH value (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the substances that show whether we have an acid or a base?

Indicators (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of weak bases?

pH 8-10 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mixing an acid and a base?

A neutral solution is formed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of universal indicator paper?

To measure the pH of a solution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which an acid and a base react to form a neutral solution?

Neutralisation Reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of strong acids?

pH 1-3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a pH scale?

To measure the acidity or basicity of a substance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an acid loses its acidity?

It becomes neutral (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the products of neutralisation?

Water and Salt (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of a neutral substance?

pH = 7 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide?

acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

sodium chloride and water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate?

calcium chloride and carbon dioxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the universal indicator paper in the experiment with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?

to observe the pH changes during the reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the step in writing reaction equations that ensures the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation?

balancing the chemical equation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a metal hydroxide?

sodium hydroxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a metal carbonate?

calcium carbonate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the gas produced in the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

carbon dioxide (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the procedure in the investigation of the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

to observe the formation of bubbles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation that represents the reaction between an acid and a base?

acid + base → salt + water (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-metal oxides?

They are acidic and form solutions with pH values below 7 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of metal compounds in water?

pH > 7 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

A salt and water are formed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide?

Acid-base reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the universal indicator paper in the experiment?

To measure the pH of the reaction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the step in writing a reaction equation that involves ensuring the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation?

Balance the chemical equation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metal oxides?

They are basic and form solutions with pH values above 7 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

acid + metal oxide → salt + water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the compounds consisting of a metal cation and hydroxide anion (OH⁻)?

Metal hydroxides (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of shells of marine organisms, snails, pearls, oysters, and bird eggshells?

Calcium Carbonate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding lime to soil in agricultural practices?

To provide calcium for plant growth and neutralize acidic soil (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between an acid and a metal, in general, referred to as?

Neutralization reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium, in addition to hydrogen gas?

Magnesium chloride (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a chemist in the pharmaceutical industry?

To develop new medicines and conduct research (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic sound produced when the gas produced in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium is exposed to a flame?

A popping sound (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the thistle funnel in the investigation of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

To collect the gas produced (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of adding lime to soil to increase its pH and provide calcium for plant growth?

Liming (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal?

acid + metal → salt + hydrogen gas (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a chemist in academia?

To teach and conduct research (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in focus between a pharmacist and a chemist?

Pharmacist focuses on the application of medications in healthcare, while a chemist focuses on the science of chemicals. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in education between a pharmacist and a chemist?

Pharmacists have degrees in pharmacy and are licensed healthcare professionals, while chemists have degrees in chemistry or related fields. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in workplace between a pharmacist and a chemist?

Pharmacists work in clinical and retail environments, whereas chemists work primarily in labs and research settings. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of a pharmacist?

Dispensing medications and providing patient counseling. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where do pharmacists typically work?

Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, and healthcare facilities. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: June Exam Hard

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the muscular walls in the ureters?

What is the approximate length of each ureter?

What is the main function of the bladder?

What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

What is the primary function of reabsorption in the renal tubules?

What is the function of the renal pelvis?

What is the function of the urethra in males?

What is the capacity of the bladder?

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of kidney failure?

What is the primary function of the bladder in the excretory system?

What is the term for the inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys?

Which of the following is a symptom of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)?

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

What is the term for the bundles of nerve cells that transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord?

What is the term for the central organ of the nervous system, located within the skull?

What is the term for the long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the brain through the spine?

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

Where does fertilization typically occur in humans?

What is the term for the network of nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body?

What is the purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

What is the term for the process by which the lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the uterus?

What is the term for the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

Which of the following is a component of the male reproductive system?

What is the term for the fertilized egg as it travels to the uterus?

What is the purpose of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

Which of the following sensory organs detect specific stimuli by using specialized cells?

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

What happens when blood flow to the brain is interrupted?

Which of the following is NOT a degenerative disorder?

What is the primary function of the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

What is the result of damage to the spinal cord?

What is the primary function of the photoreceptor cells in the retina?

What is the result of long-term substance abuse on the brain?

What is the primary function of ejaculation in males?

What is the approximate percentage of heterosexual couples affected by infertility?

What is the primary function of the taste buds on the tongue?

What is the primary function of the neurons in the central nervous system?

What is the primary cause of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

What is the term for infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact?

What is the condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus?

What is the purpose of the pituitary gland in initiating puberty?

What is the primary purpose of puberty?

What is the primary function of the endometrium?

What is the term for the physical changes that differentiate males and females and are not directly involved in reproduction?

During which process does the egg travel through the Fallopian tube towards the uterus?

What is the result of puberty in females?

What is the primary function of oestrogen in females during puberty?

What is the typical duration of the female reproductive cycle?

What is the role of the pituitary gland in initiating puberty?

Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

Why is understanding the reproductive system essential?

What is the primary function of the scrotum in males?

What is the role of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

What occurs if fertilization does not occur during the reproductive cycle?

What is the primary function of testosterone in males during puberty?

What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

What is the role of hormones in puberty?

What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

What is the function of the sperm duct in the male reproductive system?

What is the primary function of the penis in the male reproductive system?

What is the primary function of the sensory organs in the human body?

How do neurons in the brain send and receive messages?

What is the result of damage to the spinal cord?

What is the term for the process by which the brain interprets electrical signals from the eyes as visual images?

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

What is the result of a stroke?

What is the primary function of the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

What is the result of long-term substance abuse on the brain?

What is the main reason for the buildup of waste products and fluids in the body during kidney failure?

What is the primary function of the photoreceptor cells in the retina?

Which part of the excretory system is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood?

What is the primary function of the taste buds on the tongue?