Urban Waste Disposal and Segregation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of butter is produced using microbes for production?

Sweet cream butter

Buttermilk butter

Cultured butter (correct)

Salted butter

What are some of the microbes mixed with milk during cheese production?

Streptococcus mutans

Bacillus cereus

Escherichia coli

Lactobacillus lactis (correct)

What enzyme is traditionally used for cheese production from cow milk?

Trypsin

Pepsin

Amylase

Rennet (correct)

What process is carried out to remove whey and impart a dense texture to milk during cheese production?

Pressing Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for developing virus-resistant varieties of bacteria during industrial production of milk products?

To ensure cleanliness and sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What role do essential microbes, pigments, and flavors play in the production of cheese?

To impart color and enhance taste Signup and view all the answers

What gases are released by the microbes during the decomposition of carbon compounds in sewage?

Methane and CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phenol oxidizing bacteria in sewage treatment?

Decompose xenobiotic chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Why can the sludge that settles down during sewage treatment be reused as fertilizer?

It is rich in essential nutrients for plants Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the ways microbes contribute to controlling pollution in air, soil, and water?

Decomposing manmade chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Which group of bacteria play a role in converting metals like copper and zinc into compounds to prevent leaching into the environment?

Thiobacilli and Sulphobacilli Signup and view all the answers

Why do dead fishes or oily water often accumulate at sea coasts?

Due to pollution caused by manmade chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What type of cheese is formed after ripening for 12 – 18 months?

Parmesan cheese Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are commonly found in probiotic foods?

Lactobacillus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of probiotics in the alimentary canal?

Maintain the balance of intestinal microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using mutant varieties of bacteria as mentioned in the text?

To avoid unnecessary steps/materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form in which probiotic products are available?

Cheeseburger Signup and view all the answers

What happens to useful microbes due to antibiotics according to the text?

They become inactive Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of segregating wet and dry waste in each home?

To prevent contamination of recyclable materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate method of disposal for dry waste according to the text?

Modern landfill site Signup and view all the answers

Why are pits lined with plastic sheets when dumping compressed waste in them?

To prevent leaching of toxic materials into the soil Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of compacting garbage in vans before disposal?

Decrease in the number of collection trips required Signup and view all the answers

What is done with domestic sewage in villages according to the text?

Disposed off in nearby soil Signup and view all the answers

What happens after a filled pit is sealed with soil slurry at landfill sites?

The composting process begins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB) in oil spills?

Destroy pyridines and other chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria can decompose Polyethylene Terephthalate Polyester (PET) found in plastic bottles?

Ideonella sakaiensis Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria like Actinomycetes and Streptomyces contribute to waste management?

By decomposing rubber from garbage Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy for bacteria like Acidophillium spp. and Acidobacillus ferroxidens?

Sulphuric acid in acid rain Signup and view all the answers

Why are species like Acidophillium spp. and Acidobacillus ferroxidens important in controlling soil pollution?

They can utilize sulphuric acid as an energy source Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product formed when hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria decompose hydrocarbons?

$CO_2$ and water Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dairy Products

Large-scale production of butter and cheese involves two types: sweet cream and cultured, with microbes used for the cultured variety.
Cheese production involves:
- Milk testing and mixing with colours, microbes (Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus cremoris, and Streptococcus thermophilus), and enzymes (protease from fungi for vegetarian cheese).
- Whey removal, separation from yoghurt, and production of cheese through steps like cutting, washing, rubbing, salting, and mixing with essential microbes, pigments, and flavours.
- Pressing, cutting, and storing for ripening.

Types of Cheese

Freshly prepared cheese is soft (e.g., cottage cheese, cream cheese, mozzarella cheese).
Semi-hard cheddar cheese forms after 3-12 months of ripening.
Very hard cheese (parmesan cheese) forms after 12-18 months of ripening.

Probiotics

Probiotics are milk products containing active bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus, Acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum) that maintain the balance of intestinal microorganisms.
Probiotics increase the population of helpful microbes, decreasing the population of harmful microbes (e.g., Clostridium).
Probiotic products are available in various forms like yoghurt, kefir, sauerkraut, dark chocolate, miso soup, pickles, oils, corn syrup, artificial sweeteners, and microalgae.

Importance of Probiotics

Probiotics form colonies of useful microbes in the alimentary canal, controlling other microbes and their metabolic activities.
Probiotics improve resistance and lower the ill-effects of harmful substances formed during metabolic activities.
Probiotics make useful microbes active again, which are inactivated by antibiotics.

Waste Management

Methane soil processing is used to dispose of degradable waste in urban areas.
Large pits are dug, lined with plastic sheets, and filled with compressed waste, which is covered with layers of soil, saw dust, leafy waste, and specific biochemicals.
Microbes present in soil and other top layers decompose the waste, forming compost after a few days.
The land filling sites can be reused after removal of compost.

Sewage Management

In villages, domestic sewage is disposed of in nearby soil or biogas plants.
In cities, sewage is carried to processing units, where microbes decompose the carbon compounds, releasing methane and CO2.
Microbes also destroy pathogens of cholera, typhoid, etc.
The sludge that settles down can be used as fertilizer, and the water released is environmentally safe.

Clean Technology

Microbes have natural abilities to decompose man-made chemicals, including hydrocarbons and xenobiotic chemicals.
Microbes can remove sulphur from fuels, and convert metals like copper, iron, uranium, and zinc into compounds before leaching into the environment.
Microbes are used for bioremediation of environments polluted by sewage.
Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB) are used to clear oil spills by decomposing hydrocarbons.
Microbes like Vibrio, Ideonella sakaiensis can decompose PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate Polyester), and species like Actinomycetes, Streptomyces, Nocardia, and Actinoplanes can decompose rubber from garbage.

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Description

Test your knowledge on how urban waste is disposed of in terms of tonnes, the importance of segregating wet and dry waste in each household, and the appropriate methods of disposal for dry waste. Learn about methane soil processing, gas garbage cover on sewage, and land-filling sites.